Introduction

This report accompanies The Century Foundation’s report “Exact Title TBD: Student Debt and Race in California,” which examines how student debt puts outsized financial burdens on Black and Latino families in California, especially for graduate borrowers and parents.

Though California lawmakers rightly draw on national research on student debt and race, state-specific insights can be gleaned from national data sets. TCF’s state-level analyses here can help guide state policy that accounts for the distinct patterns of borrowing in California.

This report draws from the best sources of Califoria-specific data on student debt to explain in depth what we know (and do not know) about student debt in California. It relies primarily on four sources:

We also draw from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and the American Community Survey (ACS) to lesser extents.

The structure of this data-focused report mirrors that of the policy-focused report: the charts and tables in the policy report draw from our four primary data sources in the same order that they are presented here. The first figures in both reports draw from the FSA Data Center, they are followed by figures that draw from NPSAS, and so on.

This document is more descriptive than prescriptive. Even data queries did not show striking contrasts between groups are included for full transparency, so long as they are relevant to the examination of student loan debt’s burden on California borrowers.

This report is not a static PDF: you can toggle between different versions of charts and hover over barcharts to reveal the exact statistics. The code used to produce this document and its charts and tables can be found at this GitHub repository. All data sets used in this report are publicly available, courtesy of the U.S. Department of Education, the U.S. Federal Reserve, and the U.S. Census Bureau.

If you have any questions, please email Peter Granville at granville@tcf.org.

Federal Student Aid Data Center

About the data

The FSA Data Center is a repository of data and statistics on federal student aid, including spreadsheets on student loans reported directly from the National Student Loan Data System. For this analysis we use two files from the FSA Data Center:

  • Quarterly reports on the federal student loan portfolio by borrower location, available here.
  • Quarterly reports on Direct Loan disbursements and borrowers by program at the level of the institution, available here.

For “per capita” measures of student debt and borrowing in Table 1, the population for comparison is the estimated total of all California adults aged 18 to 50. I estimate these population totals using American Community Survey data reflecting calendar year 2021, available here.

Findings

Table 1 below shows how California compares to other states in its federal student loan debt per capita, its number of borrowers per capita, and its average federal student loan balance. California ranks well in the firs two measures due to a smaller percentage of its population holding debt than in other states. However, California’s borrowers exceed other states’ borrowers in their average balance. Californians who hold federal student loan debt averaged roughly $37,000 in June 2022.

Table 1
California’s rank on average debt measures
Measure 50-state median California value California rank
Federal student loan debt per capita $10,568 $8,215 7
Federal student loan borrowers per capita 0.298 0.219 4
Average federal student loan balance $35,249 $37,426 37
Data source and notes

Source: Federal Student Aid Data Center, spreadsheet on federal student loan portfolio by borrower location, available here, accessed December 2022. Data reflects the federal student loan portfolio as of June 30, 2022.


Table 2 below shows the size of California’s outstanding federal student loan debt. California has the most outstanding federal student loan debt ($142 billion) and borrowers (3.8 million) of any state, amounting to around 9 percent of the nationwide rederal student loan portfolio.

Table 2
Size of California borrowers’ outstanding debt
Measure U.S. total California value California share
Total outstanding federal student loan debt $1,526,800,000,000 $146,100,000,000 9.6%
Total federal student loan borrowers 41,718,000 3,904,000 9.4%
Data source and notes

Source: Federal Student Aid Data Center, spreadsheet on federal student loan portfolio by borrower location, available here, accessed December 2022. Data reflects the federal student loan portfolio as of June 30, 2022.


These may come as no surprise given that California has the nation’s largest populace, but it also means that California’s lawmakers can do more to change the course of the nation’s student debt crisis than any other state’s leaders.

Table 3 below draws from the FSA Data Center’s quarterly data on disbursements. To minimize any impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on our results, we examine data from the 2018-19 award year.

Table 3
Share of loan dollars disbursed in 2018-19 by loan type, California vs. U.S.
State Subsidized Unsubsidized undergraduate Unsubsidized graduate Parent PLUS loans Grad PLUS
CA 19.0% 17.0% 31.8% 12.8% 19.4%
Rest of U.S. 22.0% 23.3% 29.6% 14.1% 11.0%
Data source and notes

Source: Federal Student Aid Data Center, spreadsheet on Direct Loan volume for Q4 2018-19, “Award year summary” tab, available here, accessed October 2022. We use the data on loan disbursements, not loan originations.


Comparing California to the rest of the U.S., we find that:

  • California’s federal student loan dollars are less concentrated in the Subsidized loan program and the Unsubsidized undergraduate loan program.
  • California’s federal student loan dollars are slightly more concentrated in the Unsubsidized graduate loan program and slightly less concentrated in the Parent PLUS loan program.
  • California’s federal student loan dollars are much more concentrated in the Grad PLUS loan program, at 19.4% versus 11.0% across the rest of the country.

A major public policy emphasis for state lawmakers, in California as anywhere, is the affordability of undergraduate programs. One sign of California’s success in that respect is the lower degree of undergraduate borrowing compared to across the rest of the country. (Of course, even small loan balances can strain a borrower’s financial life.)

By contrast, the average Grad PLUS and Parent PLUS loans in California are higher than in the rest of the U.S., as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1
Data source and notes

Source: Federal Student Aid Data Center, spreadsheet on Direct Loan volume for Q4 2018-19, “Award year summary” tab, available here, accessed October 2022. We use the data on loan disbursements, not loan originations. These averages do not include students who receive no loans. Only four-year institutions are included.


Across all three institutional control categories, California exceeds the rest of the U.S. in the average Parent PLUS loan and the average Grad PLUS loan. Unlike Stafford loans, Parent PLUS and Grad PLUS are both uncapped, meaning a borrower can take out as much as they would like any year. At California nonprofit and for-profit four-years, the average Parent PLUS loan per year is north of $20,000, and the average Grad PLUS loan per year is around $30,000. In both cases, the averages are lower at public institutions.

Not every graduate student borrows Grad PLUS, and not every parent who sends their child to college borrows Parent PLUS. However, high averages mean that the lasting burden between those who do borrow and those who do not is greater. These programs are two driving reasons why California has a higher average student loan balance than most other states (per Table 1).

National Postsecondary Student Aid Study

About the data

The statistics in the previous section are all based on state-level and institution-level data. For the most robust information on the relationship between student loan borrowing and race in California, we need student-level data. In the absence of a national student-level data set, we use survey data from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS).

NPSAS is the largest survey of U.S. college students that has a primary focus on financial aid and college costs. The study has generally been conducted every four years, with the latest published data set reflecting the 2015-16 year (NPSAS:16). With every NPSAS release, separate data sets examine undergraduate and graduate students.

NPSAS data sets have not traditionally been used for state-level analyses, although the sample size for California students can be large enough to produce reliable estimates depending on the query. This past year, a new edition of NPSAS that was designed for state-representative samples was released. Known as NPSAS:18-AC (Administrative Collection), it draws from student records housed by colleges and the U.S. Department of Education for a sample of 325,000 undergraduates enrolled in 2017-18. Representative samples for public 4-year systems are available in NPSAS-AC for 45 states, and representative samples for public 2-year systems are available for 36 states. Thirty states have representative samples for undergraduate students overall. More information on NPSAS-AC can be found here.

In this section we rely primarily on NPSAS-AC. For analysis of graduate students, we use NPSAS:16 and filter for in-state students in California. The in-state condition is required to run this query in NPSAS:16.

These data are accessed using the National Center on Education Statistics’ (NCES) Datalab tool. Every query has a unique table retrieval number that can be used by any user to run the query in Datalab. These table retrieval numbers are included in the “Data source and notes” tabs of every chart.

Findings

This research is primarily interested in examining how factors like the racial wealth gap shape the lasting burdens of student debt among California borrowers. Figure 2 below compares average undergraduate borrowing by racial group at California public four-years, compared to U.S. public four-years.

Across all groups, the average federal loan total is lower in California than nationwide. However, California resembles the U.S. in that Black undergraduates and their families borrow more than their peers. California differs from the U.S. in that Latino/a undergraduates in the state borrow more than white undergraduates, though this is only the case for direct loans to the students and not Parent PLUS.

Figure 2
Data source and notes

Source: NPSAS:18-AC. Table retrieval number: lounfy.

Year(s) of analysis: Reflects students enrolled in the 2017-18 academic year. Only reflects undergraduate public 4-year institutions.

Note: Insufficient sample size for Native American / Alaskan Native population. Averages include those who took out no loans.


NPSAS:18-AC does not have state-representative samples for graduate students, so we now use NPSAS:16 to compare the average federal loans for graduate students. California’s Black graduate students and those of two or more races borrow significantly more than those who identify with other groups, borrowing between $20,000 and $25,000 per year.

Figure 3
Data source and notes

Source: NPSAS:16. Table retrieval number: psiqll. Data can be accessed at NCES Datalab.

Year(s) of analysis: Reflects students enrolled in the 2015-16 academic year.

Notes: Private loans are also included in NPSAS, but the average loans are so small that Datalab considers the estimates unreliable. Due to limitations of NPSAS:16, this only applies to in-state students.


It is striking how Black graduate students in California borrow an average that is roughly two-thirds higher than both the average for Black graduate students nationwide and the average for white graduate students in California.

Among California students, the sample is not sufficient for a breakdown by award level. For context, Figure 4 below shows a breakdown of gaps in average loans across all graduate program levels, reflecting the national sample in NPSAS-16.

In master’s programs, research doctorate programs, and professional doctorate programs (e.g. MDs and JDs), Black and Latino/a borrowers borrower more in average federal student loans per year than students from other groups. This demonstrates how professional doctorates show an extreme version of the trends just described.

Figure 4
Data source and notes

Source: NPSAS:16. Table retrieval number: vcbaev. Data can be accessed at NCES Datalab.

Year(s) of analysis: Reflects students enrolled in the 2015-16 academic year across the U.S.

Notes: Due to limitations of NPSAS:16, this only applies to in-state students.


Editorial note: I added this figure late, so when I have more time I will rename it Figure 5 and rename the figures that follow.

Figure 5
Data source and notes

The averages here include those with no cumulative federal loans.


NPSAS allows us to disaggregate by ethnicity, to a limited extent, for two racial groups (Hispanic and Asian). In California, average federal loans among Filipino undergraduates are higher than other Asian groups, matching a trend seen nationwide. Among Hispanic ethnicities in California, average loans are greatest among those of Puerto Rican descent.

Figure 6: Asian ethnicities
Figure 6: Hispanic ethnicities
Data source and notes

Source: NPSAS, table retrieval number ddgpwg (U.S. all), jejvld (California in-state), tpsawz (U.S. in-state).

Note: Filtered for 4-year colleges and U.S. citizenship. Limited to in-state, undergraduate students. “Total federal loans” includes Parent PLUS. No other racial groups besides Hispanic and Asian have breakouts by ethnicity in NPSAS.


Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking

About the data

(Description here)

Findings

(Summary text here)

Figure 7

Responses to “Do you currently have student loan debt or owe any money used to pay for your own education?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 7
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 1260
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 450
Hispanic CA 2005
White, Non-Hispanic CA 4039
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 3836
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 6550
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 6155
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 46943

(Summary text here)

Figure 8: Student loans

Responses to “Think about the money you currently owe for your own education. Is the money you owe for that education a student loan?”

Figure 8: Home equity

Responses to “Think about the money you currently owe for your own education. Is the money you owe for that education home equity?

Figure 8: Credit card debt

Responses to “Think about the money you currently owe for your own education. Is the money you owe for that education credit card debt?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 8: Student loans
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 169
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 112
Hispanic CA 352
White, Non-Hispanic CA 336
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 758
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1792
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1201
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 5583
N size by group for Figure 8: Home equity
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 163
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 107
Hispanic CA 340
White, Non-Hispanic CA 323
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 729
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1713
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1170
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 5448
N size by group for Figure 8: Credit card debt
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 163
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 107
Hispanic CA 340
White, Non-Hispanic CA 323
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 729
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1713
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1170
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 5448

(Summary text here)

Figure 9: CA borrowers

Responses to “Thinking specifically about the money that you owe for your own education, please tell the total amount that you currently owe on these loans.”

Figure 9: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Thinking specifically about the money that you owe for your own education, please tell the total amount that you currently owe on these loans.”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 9
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 152
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 108
Hispanic CA 337
White, Non-Hispanic CA 322
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 728
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1692
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1153
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 5397

(Summary text here)

Figure 10: CA borrowers

Responses to “Approximately how much is the total monthly payment that you are required to make on the loans from your education?”

Figure 10: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Approximately how much is the total monthly payment that you are required to make on the loans from your education?”

Data source and notes

Survey responses collected in 2020 and 2021 are not included due to the federal student loan payment pause in place that started in March 2020 and continued through all of 2021. Due to smaller sample size, interpret results with caution.

N size by group for Figure 10
Group State Survey respondents
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 64
Hispanic CA 207
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 91
White, Non-Hispanic CA 221
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1028
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 696
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 448
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 3328

(Summary text here)

Figure 11

Responses to “Are you behind on payments or in collections for one or more of the loans from your own education?”

Data source and notes

Survey responses collected in 2020 and 2021 are not included due to the federal student loan payment pause in place that started in March 2020 and continued through all of 2021. Due to smaller sample size, interpret results with caution.

N size by group for Figure 11
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 168
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 112
Hispanic CA 350
White, Non-Hispanic CA 335
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 755
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1784
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1193
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 5559

(Summary text here)

Figure 12: Debt for spouse’s or partner’s education

Responses to “Do you currently owe any money used to pay for your [spouse/ partner]’s education?”

Figure 12: Debt for child’s or grandchild’s education

Responses to “Do you currently owe any money used to pay for your child or grandchild’s education?”

Data source and notes

Figure 12 includes all respondents, not just those who have student debt for their own education. “Figure 12: Debt for spouse’s or partner’s education” does not include survey respondents without a spouse or partner. “Figure 12: Debt for child or grandchild’s education” does not include survey respondents without children or grandchildren.

N size by group for Figure 12: Debt for spouse’s or partner’s education
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 781
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 212
Hispanic CA 1180
White, Non-Hispanic CA 2527
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 2314
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 2853
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 3626
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 31264
N size by group for Figure 12: Debt for child’s or grandchild’s education
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 768
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 313
Hispanic CA 1255
White, Non-Hispanic CA 2788
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 2485
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 4556
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 3943
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 33630

(Summary text here)

Figure 13: CA borrowers

Responses to “What is the highest level of school you have completed or the highest degree you have received?”

Figure 13: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “What is the highest level of school you have completed or the highest degree you have received?”

Figure 13: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “What is the highest level of school you have completed or the highest degree you have received?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 13
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1070
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 330
Hispanic CA No 1731
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3643
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 121
Hispanic CA Yes 387
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 412
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 820
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1937
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1362
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6970

(Summary text here)

Figure 14: CA borrowers

Responses to “Do you own your home?”

Figure 14: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Do you own your home?”

Figure 14: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Do you own your home?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 14
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1066
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 329
Hispanic CA No 1725
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3635
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 120
Hispanic CA Yes 387
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 412
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 817
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1936
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1360
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6959

(Summary text here)

Figure 15: Student loan borrowers

Responses to “Do you currently have any outstanding unpaid credit card debt?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 15
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1051
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 318
Hispanic CA No 1576
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3582
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 190
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 116
Hispanic CA Yes 373
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 402
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 780
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1849
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1301
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6780

(Summary text here)

Figure 16: CA borrowers

Responses to “In the past 12 months, how frequently have you carried an unpaid balance on one or more of your credit cards?”

Figure 16: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “In the past 12 months, how frequently have you carried an unpaid balance on one or more of your credit cards?”

Figure 16: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “In the past 12 months, how frequently have you carried an unpaid balance on one or more of your credit cards?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 16
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 960
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 265
Hispanic CA No 1273
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3298
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 177
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 102
Hispanic CA Yes 301
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 368
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 633
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1415
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1081
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 5936

(Summary text here)

Figure 17: CA borrowers

Responses to “What is the approximate total amount of your household’s savings and investments?”

Figure 17: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “What is the approximate total amount of your household’s savings and investments?”

Figure 17: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “What is the approximate total amount of your household’s savings and investments?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 17
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 853
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 268
Hispanic CA No 1267
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3037
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 165
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 91
Hispanic CA Yes 268
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 351
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 627
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1514
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 971
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 5620

(Summary text here)

Figure 18: CA borrowers

Responses to “Which of the following categories best describes the total income that you received from all sources, before taxes and deductions, in the past 12 months?”

Figure 18: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Which of the following categories best describes the total income that you received from all sources, before taxes and deductions, in the past 12 months?”

Figure 18: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Which of the following categories best describes the total income that you received from all sources, before taxes and deductions, in the past 12 months?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 18
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1052
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 327
Hispanic CA No 1720
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3606
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 118
Hispanic CA Yes 386
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 411
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 817
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1928
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1361
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6944

(Summary text here)

Figure 19: CA borrowers

Responses to “Overall, which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?”

Figure 19: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Overall, which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?”

Figure 19: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Overall, which one of the following best describes how well you are managing financially these days?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 19
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1068
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 330
Hispanic CA No 1730
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3640
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 120
Hispanic CA Yes 386
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 412
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 820
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1935
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1361
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6963

(Summary text here)

Figure 20: CA borrowers

Responses to “Think of your parents when they were your age. Would you say you (and your family) are better, the same, or worse off financially than they were?”

Figure 20: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Think of your parents when they were your age. Would you say you (and your family) are better, the same, or worse off financially than they were?”

Figure 20: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Think of your parents when they were your age. Would you say you (and your family) are better, the same, or worse off financially than they were?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 20
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1068
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 329
Hispanic CA No 1726
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3626
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 121
Hispanic CA Yes 384
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 412
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 817
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1929
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1358
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6960

(Summary text here)

Figure 21: CA borrowers

Responses to “Where do you think your credit score falls?”

Figure 21: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Where do you think your credit score falls?”

Figure 21: Non-borrowers

Responses to “Where do you think your credit score falls?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 21
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 485
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 146
Hispanic CA No 603
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 1415
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 83
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 49
Hispanic CA Yes 131
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 163
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 315
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 784
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 507
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 2896

(Summary text here)

Figure 22: CA borrowers

Responses to “Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full this month?”

Figure 22: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full this month?”

Figure 22: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Which best describes your ability to pay all of your bills in full this month?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 22
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 993
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 297
Hispanic CA No 1603
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3338
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 186
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 112
Hispanic CA Yes 362
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 385
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 758
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1793
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1273
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6585

(Summary text here)

Figure 23: Ability to pay student loan bill

Responses to “Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on your student loan bill this month?”

Figure 23: Ability to pay rent or mortgage bill

Responses to “Are you expecting to be unable to pay or only make a partial payment on each of the following bills this month?”

Figure 23: Ability to pay credit card bill

Responses to

Data source and notes

Survey years 2020 and 2021 not included in “Figure 23: Ability to pay student loan bill” due to the federal student loan repayment pause.

Note that each of these analyses are limited to those who have each of these bills. Interpret results for groups with small Ns with caution.

N size by group for Figure 23: Ability to pay student loan bill
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 285
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 123
Hispanic CA 624
White, Non-Hispanic CA 999
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 924
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 2095
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1732
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 11495
N size by group for Figure 23: Ability to pay rent or mortgage bill
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 254
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 103
Hispanic CA No 609
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 985
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 69
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 55
Hispanic CA Yes 169
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 142
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 314
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 873
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 514
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 2113
N size by group for Figure 23: Ability to pay credit card bill
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 254
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 103
Hispanic CA No 609
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 988
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 69
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 55
Hispanic CA Yes 168
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 143
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 313
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 871
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 514
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 2114

(Summary text here)

Figure 24

Responses to “Would you likely skip paying, or make only a partial payment on, your student loan bill if you had a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay?”

Data source and notes

Limited to those who have student loans.

Survey years 2020 and 2021 not included.

N size by group for Figure 24
Group State Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA 242
Black, Non-Hispanic CA 100
Hispanic CA 467
White, Non-Hispanic CA 881
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 823
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1613
Hispanic Rest of U.S. 1454
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. 10458

(Summary text here)

Figure 25: CA borrowers

Responses to “How would a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay impact your ability to pay your other bills this month?”

Figure 25: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “How would a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay impact your ability to pay your other bills this month?”

Figure 25: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “How would a $400 emergency expense that you had to pay impact your ability to pay your other bills this month?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 25
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 810
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 225
Hispanic CA No 1104
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 2635
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 128
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 66
Hispanic CA Yes 217
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 268
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 500
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1040
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 838
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 4823

(Summary text here)

Figure 26: CA borrowers

Responses to “If you were to apply for a credit card today, how confident are you that you would be approved?”

Figure 26: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “If you were to apply for a credit card today, how confident are you that you would be approved?”

Figure 26: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “If you were to apply for a credit card today, how confident are you that you would be approved?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 26
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1002
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 311
Hispanic CA No 1519
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3505
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 189
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 119
Hispanic CA Yes 370
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 397
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 782
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1830
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1316
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6767

(Summary text here)

Figure 27

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you or your spouse/partner been turned down for credit?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 27
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 363
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 130
Hispanic CA No 583
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 1181
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 108
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 58
Hispanic CA Yes 194
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 240
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 452
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1023
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 750
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 3792

Add a lot of caveats before this next section.

Figure 28: Social Security

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received Social Security (including old age and DI)?”

Figure 28: Cash assistance

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received Supplemental Security Income (SSI), TANF, or cash assistance from a welfare program?”

Figure 28: EITC

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)?”

Figure 28: SNAP

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP or food stamps)?”

Figure 28: Housing assistance

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received housing assistance from a government program?”

Figure 28: FRPL

Responses to “In the past 12 months, have you [and/or your spouse/ parnter] received free or reduced price school lunches?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 28: Social Security
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1059
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 327
Hispanic CA No 1715
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3616
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 195
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 119
Hispanic CA Yes 383
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 411
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 809
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1916
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1350
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6939
N size by group for Figure 28: Cash assistance
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1060
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 327
Hispanic CA No 1715
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3628
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 196
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 119
Hispanic CA Yes 383
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 410
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 809
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1923
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1351
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6943
N size by group for Figure 28: EITC
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1065
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 328
Hispanic CA No 1726
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3630
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 120
Hispanic CA Yes 386
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 412
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 817
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1926
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1355
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6953
N size by group for Figure 28: SNAP
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1065
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 328
Hispanic CA No 1725
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3633
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 121
Hispanic CA Yes 386
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 412
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 817
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1929
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1356
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6953
N size by group for Figure 28: Housing Assistance
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1066
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 328
Hispanic CA No 1728
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3635
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 121
Hispanic CA Yes 386
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 412
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 817
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1926
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1356
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6952
N size by group for Figure 28: FRPL
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 254
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 70
Hispanic CA No 549
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 525
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 66
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 52
Hispanic CA Yes 126
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 107
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 258
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 701
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 482
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 2049

It’s weird that the “Cover expenses with savings” bars are lower than the “Cover expenses by any means” bars.

Figure 29: Cover expenses with savings

Responses to “Have you set aside emergency or rainy day funds that would cover your expenses for 3 months in case of sickness, job loss, economic downturn, or other emergencies?”

Figure 29: Cover expenses by any means

Responses to “If you were to lose your main source of income (for example, job or government benefits), could you cover your expenses for 3 months by borrowing money, using savings, or selling assets?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 29: Cover expenses with savings
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1060
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 325
Hispanic CA No 1721
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3627
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 121
Hispanic CA Yes 385
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 412
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 814
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1931
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1357
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6942
N size by group for Figure 29: Cover expenses by any means
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 345
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 156
Hispanic CA No 910
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 1194
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 118
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 89
Hispanic CA Yes 240
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 232
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 533
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1310
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 905
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 4175

(Summary text here)

Figure 30: Pay $400 with credit card (no interest)

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [Put it on my credit card and pay it off in full at the next statement]”

Figure 30: Pay $400 with credit card (with interest)

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [Put it on my credit card and pay it off over time]”

Figure 30: Pay $400 with cash or savings

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [With the money currently in my checking/savings account or with cash]”

Figure 30: Pay $400 with a bank loan

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [Using money from a bank loan or line of credit]”

Figure 30: Pay $400 by borrowing from a friend

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [By borrowing from a friend or family member]”

Figure 30: Pay $400 with a payday loan

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [Using a payday loan, deposit advance, or overdraft]”

Figure 30: Pay $400 by selling something

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [By selling something]”

Figure 30: Unable to pay $400

Responses to “Suppose that you have an emergency expense that costs $400. Based on your current financial situation, how would you pay for this expense? [I wouldn’t be able to pay for the expense right now]”

Data source and notes

Responses are not exclusive to one another. For an example, a respondent could say that they would sell belongings and use a payday loan. Because of this, groups’ bars cannot be stacked on top of each other in one chart and are instead presented here in a series of charts.

N size by group for Figure 30
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 1070
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 328
Hispanic CA No 1728
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 3635
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 197
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 121
Hispanic CA Yes 386
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 412
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 818
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1932
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1361
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 6961

(Summary text here)

Figure 31: CA borrowers

Responses to “Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your [current/most recent] educational program compare to its financial costs?”

Figure 31: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Responses to “Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your [current/most recent] educational program compare to its financial costs?”

Figure 31: CA non-borrowers

Responses to “Overall, how would you say the lifetime financial benefits of your [current/most recent] educational program compare to its financial costs?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 31
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 200
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 110
Hispanic CA No 588
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 897
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 39
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 40
Hispanic CA Yes 116
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 78
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 194
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 653
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 456
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1684

(Summary text here)

Figure 32: Different field

Responses to “If you could go back and make your education decisions again, would you have chosen a different field of study?”

Figure 32: Different school

Responses to “If you could go back and make your education decisions again, would you have attended a different school?”

Figure 32: Less education

Responses to “If you could go back and make your education decisions again, would have not attended college or completed less education?”

Figure 32: More education

Responses to “If you could go back and make your education decisions again, would you have completed more education?”

Data source and notes

N size by group for Figure 31
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 164
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 103
Hispanic CA No 488
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 836
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 27
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 30
Hispanic CA Yes 81
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 59
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 136
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 485
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 357
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1251
N size by group for Figure 31
Group State Student loan borrower Survey respondents
Other, Non-Hispanic CA No 163
Black, Non-Hispanic CA No 103
Hispanic CA No 486
White, Non-Hispanic CA No 833
Other, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 27
Black, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 29
Hispanic CA Yes 81
White, Non-Hispanic CA Yes 59
Other, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 136
Black, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 484
Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 356
White, Non-Hispanic Rest of U.S. Yes 1251

(Summary text here)

Figure 33: Gender

Share who are male:

Data source and notes

The gender variable, as collected and reported by SHED, only has “male” and “female” values.


(Summary text here)

Figure 34: CA borrowers

Level of higher education institution

Figure 34: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Level of higher education institution

Figure 34: CA non-borrowers

Level of higher education institution

Data source and notes

Only includes those who have college experience.


(Summary text here)

Figure 35: CA borrowers

Control of higher education institution

Figure 35: Rest of U.S. borrowers

Control of higher education institution

Figure 35: CA non-borrowers

Control of higher education institution

Data source and notes

Only includes those who have college experience.


(Summary text here)

College Scorecard

About the data

(Summary text here)x

Findings

(Summary text here)x

Table 4: Stafford debt

Top 100 California institutions by average outstanding Stafford balance
Institution name Control of institution Total outstanding Stafford loan debt Total Stafford loan borrowers Average outstanding Stafford debt
Life Chiropractic College West Non-profit $463,530,000 3,560 $130,200
Western University of Health Sciences Non-profit $1,465,447,000 12,240 $119,700
The Wright Institute Non-profit $149,248,000 1,310 $114,300
Southern California University of Health Sciences Non-profit $527,940,000 4,770 $110,700
Touro University California Non-profit $830,509,000 8,410 $98,800
Palo Alto University Non-profit $259,552,000 2,660 $97,500
Marshall B Ketchum University Non-profit $170,318,000 1,750 $97,200
Five Branches University For-profit $82,985,000 920 $90,600
Yo San University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Non-profit $57,925,000 690 $83,800
Fielding Graduate University Non-profit $317,320,000 3,870 $81,900
Alliant International University-San Diego For-profit $1,208,153,000 14,800 $81,600
University of California-San Francisco Public $471,915,000 6,720 $70,200
Loma Linda University Non-profit $1,135,047,000 16,360 $69,400
Sofia University For-profit $89,498,000 1,330 $67,500
John F. Kennedy University Non-profit $405,147,000 6,010 $67,400
Pacifica Graduate Institute For-profit $205,005,000 3,060 $67,000
California Institute of Integral Studies Non-profit $367,350,000 5,590 $65,700
Emperor’s College of Traditional Oriental Medicine For-profit $62,447,000 970 $64,300
California Western School of Law Non-profit $351,054,000 5,490 $63,900
Saybrook University Non-profit $155,795,000 2,460 $63,300
Pacific College of Health and Science For-profit $380,438,000 6,140 $61,900
Claremont Graduate University Non-profit $377,122,000 6,160 $61,200
Thomas Jefferson School of Law Non-profit $319,679,000 5,350 $59,700
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Los Angeles Non-profit $1,413,054,000 23,910 $59,100
San Joaquin College of Law Non-profit $68,170,000 1,200 $57,000
Fuller Theological Seminary Non-profit $304,041,000 5,360 $56,700
Southwestern Law School Non-profit $338,985,000 6,040 $56,100
American Film Institute Conservatory Non-profit $71,632,000 1,290 $55,700
Samuel Merritt University Non-profit $411,515,000 7,650 $53,800
South Baylo University Non-profit $61,510,000 1,150 $53,300
Pacific School of Religion Non-profit $33,728,000 660 $51,300
Claremont School of Theology Non-profit $41,610,000 840 $49,500
University of California-Hastings College of Law Public $247,993,000 5,050 $49,100
Southern California Institute of Architecture Non-profit $73,517,000 1,520 $48,500
Golden Gate University-San Francisco Non-profit $445,812,000 9,770 $45,600
University of Southern California Non-profit $4,153,059,000 91,130 $45,600
Pacific Oaks College Non-profit $279,540,000 6,140 $45,600
University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences For-profit $412,448,000 9,140 $45,100
University of the Pacific Non-profit $1,013,043,000 22,480 $45,100
Keck Graduate Institute Non-profit $50,782,000 1,150 $44,000
The Santa Barbara and Ventura Colleges of Law at Ventura Non-profit $23,362,000 530 $43,700
Newschool of Architecture and Design For-profit $83,410,000 2,060 $40,500
Pepperdine University Non-profit $1,147,364,000 28,360 $40,500
University of West Los Angeles For-profit $60,243,000 1,530 $39,500
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Non-profit $132,003,000 3,510 $37,600
University of La Verne Non-profit $1,166,422,000 31,700 $36,800
American Jewish University Non-profit $23,910,000 660 $36,400
Humphreys University-Stockton and Modesto Campuses Non-profit $182,055,000 5,020 $36,300
California Institute of the Arts Non-profit $203,315,000 5,650 $36,000
Notre Dame de Namur University Non-profit $205,288,000 5,950 $34,500
Art Center College of Design Non-profit $186,835,000 5,730 $32,600
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit $1,293,070,000 40,440 $32,000
Holy Names University Non-profit $154,485,000 4,950 $31,200
National University Non-profit $2,601,824,000 83,380 $31,200
Brandman University Non-profit $780,452,000 25,160 $31,000
San Francisco Conservatory of Music Non-profit $39,854,000 1,300 $30,700
Whittier College Non-profit $303,707,000 9,890 $30,700
California Baptist University Non-profit $1,004,644,000 32,730 $30,700
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit $771,231,000 25,180 $30,600
Woodbury University Non-profit $174,003,000 5,750 $30,300
University of San Francisco Non-profit $919,186,000 30,690 $30,000
San Francisco Art Institute Non-profit $88,233,000 2,950 $29,900
Academy of Art University For-profit $1,428,742,000 48,010 $29,800
Chapman University Non-profit $992,096,000 33,560 $29,600
University of San Diego Non-profit $678,870,000 23,170 $29,300
California College of the Arts Non-profit $155,492,000 5,430 $28,600
Mills College Non-profit $175,686,000 6,380 $27,600
Touro University Worldwide Non-profit $100,452,000 3,650 $27,500
Santa Clara University Non-profit $371,665,000 13,510 $27,500
Northcentral University Non-profit $1,060,572,000 38,650 $27,400
University of Redlands Non-profit $537,993,000 19,680 $27,300
Dominican University of California Non-profit $178,589,000 6,570 $27,200
Design Institute of San Diego For-profit $31,830,000 1,180 $27,100
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit $367,303,000 13,580 $27,100
American University of Health Sciences For-profit $31,615,000 1,180 $26,900
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit $372,344,000 13,970 $26,700
South Coast College For-profit $62,386,000 2,390 $26,100
California Lutheran University Non-profit $326,493,000 12,610 $25,900
SAE Expression College For-profit $75,153,000 2,930 $25,600
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit $312,148,000 12,240 $25,500
Fresno Pacific University Non-profit $385,775,000 15,160 $25,400
Hope International University Non-profit $149,024,000 5,860 $25,400
United States University For-profit $45,205,000 1,830 $24,700
Stanford University Non-profit $230,561,000 9,440 $24,400
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit $353,980,000 14,520 $24,400
West Coast University-Los Angeles For-profit $790,941,000 32,500 $24,300
University of California-Los Angeles Public $1,881,849,000 77,490 $24,300
La Sierra University Non-profit $230,739,000 9,750 $23,700
Biola University Non-profit $337,316,000 14,300 $23,600
California State University-San Bernardino Public $1,175,920,000 49,960 $23,500
California College San Diego Non-profit $163,911,000 7,000 $23,400
Otis College of Art and Design Non-profit $92,190,000 3,960 $23,300
Epic Bible College Non-profit $18,449,000 800 $22,900
Ashford University For-profit $7,290,839,000 335,960 $21,700
Laguna College of Art and Design Non-profit $37,397,000 1,740 $21,400
New York Film Academy For-profit $59,199,000 2,780 $21,300
Vanguard University of Southern California Non-profit $192,866,000 9,260 $20,800
Cogswell University of Silicon Valley For-profit $36,808,000 1,770 $20,800
Simpson University Non-profit $112,695,000 5,460 $20,600
San Francisco State University Public $1,454,911,000 71,430 $20,400

Table 4: Parent PLUS debt

Top 100 California institutions by average outstanding Parent PLUS balance
Institution name Control of institution Total outstanding Parent PLUS loan debt Total Parent PLUS loan borrowers Average outstanding Parent PLUS debt
Art Center College of Design Non-profit $53,590,000 720 $74,400
California Institute of the Arts Non-profit $41,449,000 610 $67,700
Santa Clara University Non-profit $82,133,000 1,220 $67,100
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit $203,642,000 3,130 $65,100
University of San Diego Non-profit $221,883,000 3,460 $64,200
University of Southern California Non-profit $379,764,000 6,240 $60,800
Pepperdine University Non-profit $131,540,000 2,240 $58,700
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit $98,391,000 1,700 $57,900
New York Film Academy For-profit $47,706,000 840 $56,500
University of the Pacific Non-profit $144,678,000 2,720 $53,200
West Coast University-Los Angeles For-profit $245,286,000 4,620 $53,000
Dominican University of California Non-profit $50,737,000 970 $52,500
University of San Francisco Non-profit $143,504,000 2,780 $51,600
Stanford University Non-profit $31,279,000 610 $51,600
Otis College of Art and Design Non-profit $46,878,000 930 $50,500
Academy of Art University For-profit $296,076,000 6,070 $48,800
Biola University Non-profit $105,992,000 2,210 $48,000
Westmont College Non-profit $30,654,000 650 $47,200
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit $72,811,000 1,570 $46,500
Chapman University Non-profit $188,988,000 4,200 $45,000
California Baptist University Non-profit $159,155,000 3,730 $42,700
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit $40,052,000 950 $42,200
University of Redlands Non-profit $56,611,000 1,350 $42,000
Notre Dame de Namur University Non-profit $29,284,000 730 $40,000
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles For-profit $308,508,000 7,800 $39,600
Columbia College Hollywood Non-profit $34,603,000 890 $39,000
SAE Expression College For-profit $20,088,000 520 $38,900
Woodbury University Non-profit $40,134,000 1,050 $38,400
Whittier College Non-profit $42,411,000 1,120 $38,000
California Lutheran University Non-profit $80,701,000 2,150 $37,500
Menlo College Non-profit $19,582,000 520 $37,300
Musicians Institute For-profit $52,900,000 1,440 $36,600
University of California-Los Angeles Public $278,616,000 7,760 $35,900
University of California-Berkeley Public $195,622,000 5,480 $35,700
University of La Verne Non-profit $80,979,000 2,320 $34,900
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo Public $244,954,000 7,090 $34,500
Cogswell University of Silicon Valley For-profit $17,997,000 530 $34,200
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit $123,693,000 3,770 $32,800
Vanguard University of Southern California Non-profit $37,573,000 1,160 $32,400
California College of the Arts Non-profit $25,175,000 780 $32,400
University of California-Santa Cruz Public $184,818,000 5,850 $31,600
Holy Names University Non-profit $15,747,000 500 $31,400
University of California-Santa Barbara Public $227,754,000 7,330 $31,100
Marymount California University Non-profit $19,453,000 650 $29,900
San Diego State University Public $218,029,000 7,300 $29,900
University of California-Davis Public $194,059,000 6,510 $29,800
University of California-San Diego Public $139,333,000 4,820 $28,900
California State University Maritime Academy Public $15,874,000 550 $28,900
La Sierra University Non-profit $41,450,000 1,450 $28,600
Los Angeles Film School For-profit $84,763,000 2,960 $28,600
University of California-Irvine Public $257,729,000 9,150 $28,200
Pacific Union College Non-profit $17,328,000 620 $28,100
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit $58,970,000 2,170 $27,200
William Jessup University Non-profit $13,684,000 510 $26,600
Sonoma State University Public $79,101,000 3,090 $25,600
California State University-Channel Islands Public $40,159,000 1,590 $25,300
San Francisco State University Public $184,370,000 7,410 $24,900
University of California-Merced Public $52,433,000 2,150 $24,400
University of California-Riverside Public $169,814,000 7,070 $24,000
California State University-Fullerton Public $38,985,000 1,740 $22,400
Humboldt State University Public $26,413,000 1,200 $22,000
California State University-San Marcos Public $22,995,000 1,060 $21,800
California State University-East Bay Public $35,018,000 1,610 $21,800
San Jose State University Public $97,666,000 4,490 $21,800
California State University-Chico Public $34,291,000 1,610 $21,300
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Public $31,240,000 1,490 $21,000
California State University-Sacramento Public $105,493,000 5,170 $20,400
California State University-Long Beach Public $27,057,000 1,390 $19,400
California State University-Fresno Public $14,199,000 730 $19,400
California State University-Monterey Bay Public $19,784,000 1,070 $18,500
Fresno Pacific University Non-profit $10,648,000 580 $18,500
Santa Barbara City College Public $10,572,000 580 $18,200
California State University-San Bernardino Public $29,975,000 1,760 $17,100
Make-up Designory For-profit $15,843,000 940 $16,900
Stanbridge University For-profit $9,707,000 580 $16,700
California State University-Northridge Public $18,332,000 1,130 $16,200
California State University-Stanislaus Public $13,587,000 930 $14,600
West Coast Ultrasound Institute For-profit $9,333,000 670 $13,900
Unitek College For-profit $18,834,000 1,400 $13,500
Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts For-profit $9,979,000 740 $13,500
Ashford University For-profit $16,160,000 1,220 $13,200
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology For-profit $8,735,000 670 $13,000
California State University-Dominguez Hills Public $7,780,000 600 $12,900
American Career College-Ontario For-profit $15,631,000 1,400 $11,100
University of Antelope Valley For-profit $7,240,000 680 $10,700
Platt College-Los Angeles For-profit $12,956,000 1,250 $10,300
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove For-profit $8,452,000 820 $10,300
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood For-profit $9,769,000 980 $10,000
American Career College-Los Angeles For-profit $30,709,000 3,220 $9,500
Glendale Career College For-profit $6,240,000 670 $9,300
Concorde Career College-San Diego For-profit $6,102,000 670 $9,100
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia For-profit $58,630,000 6,470 $9,100
Career Care Institute For-profit $4,574,000 520 $8,900
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino For-profit $8,042,000 910 $8,900
Carrington College-Sacramento For-profit $25,291,000 2,870 $8,800
Summit College For-profit $7,711,000 1,010 $7,700
UEI College-Fresno For-profit $9,019,000 1,190 $7,600
North-West College-Pomona For-profit $8,193,000 1,100 $7,400
UEI College-Gardena For-profit $10,958,000 1,490 $7,400
Institute of Technology For-profit $8,304,000 1,190 $7,000

Table 4: Grad PLUS debt

Top California institutions by average outstanding Grad PLUS balance
Institution name Control of institution Total outstanding Grad PLUS loan debt Total Grad PLUS loan borrowers Average outstanding Grad PLUS debt
Southwestern Law School Non-profit $466,086,000 3,520 $132,500
Palo Alto University Non-profit $188,296,000 1,420 $132,400
Thomas Jefferson School of Law Non-profit $386,041,000 2,940 $131,500
Whittier College Non-profit $192,420,000 1,540 $125,400
American Film Institute Conservatory Non-profit $78,440,000 680 $115,700
University of the Pacific Non-profit $722,725,000 6,440 $112,300
Five Branches University For-profit $58,339,000 530 $110,700
Saybrook University Non-profit $152,165,000 1,380 $110,200
Touro University California Non-profit $647,324,000 5,880 $110,200
Western University of Health Sciences Non-profit $912,829,000 8,440 $108,100
California Western School of Law Non-profit $317,943,000 3,010 $105,700
Sofia University For-profit $52,479,000 520 $101,300
Golden Gate University-San Francisco Non-profit $207,740,000 2,220 $93,800
Keck Graduate Institute Non-profit $76,608,000 840 $91,400
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Los Angeles Non-profit $811,043,000 8,890 $91,200
Santa Clara University Non-profit $246,523,000 2,720 $90,800
Claremont Graduate University Non-profit $229,647,000 2,600 $88,400
Samuel Merritt University Non-profit $245,456,000 2,780 $88,100
Loma Linda University Non-profit $528,678,000 6,180 $85,600
University of California-Hastings College of Law Public $223,922,000 2,670 $83,800
Pacifica Graduate Institute For-profit $148,600,000 1,770 $83,800
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit $447,255,000 5,450 $82,100
Chapman University Non-profit $408,464,000 5,080 $80,300
California Institute of Integral Studies Non-profit $192,777,000 2,410 $80,100
University of Southern California Non-profit $2,829,189,000 35,830 $79,000
Alliant International University-San Diego For-profit $396,053,000 5,040 $78,500
The Wright Institute Non-profit $55,801,000 740 $75,600
Fielding Graduate University Non-profit $81,590,000 1,130 $72,000
John F. Kennedy University Non-profit $95,757,000 1,380 $69,100
University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences For-profit $401,398,000 5,810 $69,000
New York Film Academy For-profit $34,630,000 510 $67,800
Marshall B Ketchum University Non-profit $49,058,000 730 $67,200
Pepperdine University Non-profit $623,055,000 9,350 $66,600
West Coast University-Los Angeles For-profit $67,178,000 1,050 $64,100
University of San Francisco Non-profit $398,078,000 6,350 $62,700
California Institute of the Arts Non-profit $61,305,000 1,000 $61,200
University of San Diego Non-profit $356,275,000 5,840 $61,000
University of California-Berkeley Public $321,216,000 5,260 $61,000
University of La Verne Non-profit $122,504,000 2,180 $56,100
Life Chiropractic College West Non-profit $65,701,000 1,200 $55,000
Stanford University Non-profit $119,632,000 2,190 $54,700
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit $42,389,000 780 $54,200
University of California-Los Angeles Public $519,517,000 9,680 $53,700
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Non-profit $82,399,000 1,630 $50,500
University of California-Irvine Public $159,556,000 3,220 $49,600
University of California-San Francisco Public $134,746,000 2,730 $49,300
Pacific College of Health and Science For-profit $53,568,000 1,100 $48,600
California College of the Arts Non-profit $37,551,000 840 $44,900
Dominican University of California Non-profit $22,939,000 520 $44,500
University of California-Davis Public $170,363,000 3,850 $44,200
Academy of Art University For-profit $225,305,000 5,130 $43,900
Southern California University of Health Sciences Non-profit $54,429,000 1,310 $41,400
Fuller Theological Seminary Non-profit $37,919,000 950 $40,000
University of California-Santa Barbara Public $30,178,000 830 $36,500
Mills College Non-profit $32,719,000 920 $35,400
University of California-San Diego Public $68,236,000 1,990 $34,200
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit $32,742,000 990 $33,100
California Baptist University Non-profit $69,832,000 2,130 $32,800
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit $243,019,000 7,500 $32,400
California Lutheran University Non-profit $16,958,000 570 $29,900
Pacific Oaks College Non-profit $14,060,000 500 $27,800
University of California-Riverside Public $50,625,000 1,830 $27,600
Northcentral University Non-profit $227,499,000 8,460 $26,900
Brandman University Non-profit $107,302,000 4,050 $26,500
University of Redlands Non-profit $26,865,000 1,030 $26,000
Ashford University For-profit $36,036,000 1,710 $21,100
California State University-San Marcos Public $17,114,000 930 $18,500
California State University-Northridge Public $18,034,000 1,010 $17,900
San Diego State University Public $31,383,000 1,800 $17,400
California State University-Long Beach Public $10,096,000 610 $16,400
San Francisco State University Public $26,683,000 1,890 $14,100
San Jose State University Public $26,497,000 2,100 $12,600
National University Non-profit $130,947,000 10,970 $11,900

Table 4: Total debt

Top 100 California institutions by total outstanding loan balance
Institution name Control of institution Total outstanding debt
University of Southern California Non-profit $7,362,011,000
Ashford University For-profit $7,343,035,000
National University Non-profit $2,740,725,000
University of California-Los Angeles Public $2,679,982,000
Academy of Art University For-profit $1,950,123,000
Pepperdine University Non-profit $1,901,959,000
University of the Pacific Non-profit $1,880,446,000
California State University-Northridge Public $1,703,645,000
Loma Linda University Non-profit $1,680,780,000
San Diego State University Public $1,678,789,000
San Francisco State University Public $1,665,963,000
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit $1,659,782,000
University of California-Berkeley Public $1,610,725,000
Alliant International University-San Diego For-profit $1,605,193,000
Chapman University Non-profit $1,589,548,000
University of California-Davis Public $1,534,082,000
University of California-Irvine Public $1,505,062,000
University of San Francisco Non-profit $1,460,768,000
California State University-Sacramento Public $1,439,264,000
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit $1,422,127,000
California State University-Long Beach Public $1,413,343,000
University of La Verne Non-profit $1,369,905,000
California State University-Fullerton Public $1,262,686,000
University of San Diego Non-profit $1,257,027,000
California Baptist University Non-profit $1,233,632,000
California State University-San Bernardino Public $1,211,396,000
University of California-Riverside Public $1,178,156,000
University of California-San Diego Public $1,129,847,000
San Jose State University Public $1,112,765,000
University of California-Santa Barbara Public $1,040,125,000
California State University-Los Angeles Public $944,089,000
California State University-Fresno Public $903,141,000
Brandman University Non-profit $889,725,000
University of California-Santa Cruz Public $824,556,000
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Public $791,568,000
California State University-Dominguez Hills Public $788,559,000
California State University-East Bay Public $737,210,000
California State University-Chico Public $734,119,000
Santa Clara University Non-profit $700,320,000
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo Public $697,132,000
Samuel Merritt University Non-profit $666,251,000
University of Redlands Non-profit $621,470,000
Southern California University of Health Sciences Non-profit $582,606,000
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles For-profit $558,480,000
California State University-San Marcos Public $557,321,000
Whittier College Non-profit $538,538,000
Humboldt State University Public $502,392,000
John F. Kennedy University Non-profit $501,504,000
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit $473,703,000
Sonoma State University Public $461,694,000
California State University-Bakersfield Public $457,630,000
Biola University Non-profit $451,712,000
Palo Alto University Non-profit $448,438,000
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit $443,415,000
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit $443,280,000
California Lutheran University Non-profit $424,152,000
California State University-Stanislaus Public $418,313,000
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit $402,230,000
Fresno Pacific University Non-profit $401,028,000
Stanford University Non-profit $381,473,000
California Institute of the Arts Non-profit $306,070,000
La Sierra University Non-profit $286,591,000
California State University-Monterey Bay Public $284,417,000
Art Center College of Design Non-profit $267,319,000
Dominican University of California Non-profit $252,265,000
California State University-Channel Islands Public $248,845,000
University of California-Merced Public $244,659,000
Notre Dame de Namur University Non-profit $238,658,000
Vanguard University of Southern California Non-profit $232,167,000
Mills College Non-profit $221,747,000
Woodbury University Non-profit $221,604,000
California College of the Arts Non-profit $218,218,000
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Non-profit $217,138,000
Trident University International For-profit $209,470,000
Humphreys University-Stockton and Modesto Campuses Non-profit $187,905,000
Holy Names University Non-profit $175,883,000
Otis College of Art and Design Non-profit $147,248,000
New York Film Academy For-profit $141,536,000
Stanbridge University For-profit $131,041,000
Keck Graduate Institute Non-profit $128,299,000
Southern California Institute of Architecture Non-profit $127,419,000
Simpson University Non-profit $125,318,000
San Francisco Art Institute Non-profit $124,524,000
Newschool of Architecture and Design For-profit $117,801,000
William Jessup University Non-profit $101,497,000
Occidental College Non-profit $83,199,000
Marymount California University Non-profit $69,483,000
Laguna College of Art and Design Non-profit $65,419,000
San Francisco Conservatory of Music Non-profit $61,203,000
Los Angeles Pacific University Non-profit $58,394,000
Empire College For-profit $54,682,000
American University of Health Sciences For-profit $40,486,000
American Jewish University Non-profit $31,758,000
Westcliff University For-profit $19,853,000
John Paul the Great Catholic University Non-profit $18,246,000
University of the West Non-profit $9,142,000
Academy of Chinese Culture and Health Sciences Non-profit NA
Avalon School of Cosmetology-Alameda For-profit NA
College of Alameda Public NA
Allan Hancock College Public NA

Data source and notes

Only 73 institutions have at least 500 borrowers with outstanding Grad PLUS debt.


Table 5

Top 100 institutions based outside California, by estimated outstanding debt from online enrollment by California students
Institution name State Estimated students from California enrolled online Estimated outstanding debt from California students enrolled online
University of Phoenix-Arizona AZ 7,690 $3,033,074,000
Grand Canyon University AZ 18,310 $1,890,235,000
DeVry University-Illinois IL 1,800 $864,964,000
Walden University MN 3,200 $795,580,000
University of Maryland Global Campus MD 10,110 $540,717,000
Capella University MN 1,710 $370,081,000
Arizona State University Campus Immersion AZ 4,430 $289,438,000
Southern New Hampshire University NH 5,800 $283,713,000
Western Governors University UT 7,660 $252,840,000
Liberty University VA 1,620 $174,306,000
American Public University System WV 4,230 $173,197,000
Purdue University Global IN 580 $147,685,000
Northern Arizona University AZ 1,200 $87,545,000
American InterContinental University AZ 210 $87,148,000
Full Sail University FL 500 $80,491,000
South University-Savannah GA 280 $71,531,000
Johns Hopkins University MD 1,130 $67,791,000
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Daytona Beach FL 1,320 $65,624,000
Colorado Technical University-Colorado Springs CO 360 $63,223,000
Columbia Southern University AL 1,350 $58,300,000
George Washington University DC 470 $55,440,000
Gonzaga University WA 500 $54,062,000
Stevens-Henager College UT 470 $52,717,000
Concordia University-Portland OR 340 $52,316,000
Ultimate Medical Academy FL 630 $50,333,000
Post University CT 520 $49,028,000
Regis University CO 300 $47,738,000
Bellevue University NE 480 $47,277,000
University of Arizona AZ 670 $46,760,000
Oregon State University OR 870 $45,406,000
Strayer University-District of Columbia DC 220 $44,716,000
Nova Southeastern University FL 80 $43,456,000
Logan University MO 70 $43,064,000
Boise State University ID 800 $38,532,000
Columbia College MO 330 $37,310,000
New York University NY 240 $34,344,000
Brigham Young University-Idaho ID 2,510 $32,406,000
Boston University MA 340 $32,213,000
Georgetown University DC 200 $30,909,000
University of Denver CO 170 $30,328,000
Creighton University NE 120 $26,281,000
Prescott College AZ 120 $25,092,000
Ottawa University-Ottawa KS 140 $24,341,000
Northeastern University MA 390 $21,666,000
Regent University VA 140 $20,462,000
Harvard University MA 550 $20,439,000
Washington State University WA 320 $20,352,000
Excelsior College NY 2,200 $17,914,000
Simmons University MA 100 $16,890,000
Colorado Christian University CO 260 $16,523,000
Bryan University AZ 100 $15,542,000
Syracuse University NY 170 $15,223,000
Colorado State University-Fort Collins CO 250 $14,988,000
Portland State University OR 160 $13,921,000
Park University MO 260 $13,841,000
Charter College WA 110 $13,796,000
Wilmington University DE 170 $13,532,000
Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus PA 190 $13,500,000
Berklee College of Music MA 170 $13,092,000
DePaul University IL 80 $12,607,000
Grambling State University LA 40 $12,543,000
Tulane University of Louisiana LA 80 $11,616,000
Webster University MO 40 $10,525,000
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 210 $9,995,000
Columbia University in the City of New York NY 90 $9,665,000
Grantham University KS 180 $9,561,000
University of Nevada-Reno NV 230 $9,493,000
Maryville University of Saint Louis MO 100 $9,339,000
The University of Alabama AL 140 $9,253,000
University of New England ME 50 $9,244,000
Southern Oregon University OR 120 $9,115,000
University of Hawaii at Manoa HI 140 $8,819,000
MCPHS University MA 50 $8,801,000
Waldorf University IA 220 $8,532,000
NUC University PR 110 $8,379,000
Loyola University New Orleans LA 40 $8,355,000
Franklin University OH 40 $8,142,000
Fordham University NY 60 $7,814,000
National Paralegal College AZ 100 $7,645,000
Hawaii Pacific University HI 80 $7,540,000
Rasmussen University-Minnesota MN 60 $7,354,000
Southern Methodist University TX 80 $7,183,000
American University DC 50 $7,083,000
University of Colorado Boulder CO 150 $7,066,000
Keiser University-Ft Lauderdale FL 40 $7,060,000
George Fox University OR 60 $6,933,000
Jackson State University MS 30 $6,874,000
Northwestern University IL 80 $6,708,000
Loyola University Chicago IL 50 $6,692,000
Bryant & Stratton College-Buffalo NY 30 $6,513,000
University of Utah UT 120 $6,466,000
Concordia University-Chicago IL 80 $6,244,000
National American University-Rapid City SD 20 $6,146,000
University of Nevada-Las Vegas NV 90 $6,098,000
LeTourneau University TX 50 $6,082,000
Graceland University-Lamoni IA 50 $6,062,000
Upper Iowa University IA 50 $5,974,000
Duke University NC 80 $5,972,000
Purdue University-Main Campus IN 160 $5,948,000
Indiana University-Bloomington IN 100 $5,892,000

Data source and notes

Estimated enrollment is based on 2018 data. Estimated debt is based on data as of 2022.


California public segments

Public segments of California higher education by outstanding federal student loan debt
Segment Outstanding Stafford debt Outstanding Parent PLUS debt Outstanding Grad PLUS debt Total debt
California Community Colleges $4,165,851,000 $38,537,000 $0 $4,204,388,000
California State University $18,561,803,000 $1,316,346,000 $191,927,000 $20,070,076,000
University of California $9,436,226,000 $1,700,179,000 $1,689,365,000 $12,825,770,000
All segments $32,163,879,000 $3,055,061,000 $1,881,292,000 $37,100,233,000

All California sectors

Sectors of California higher education by outstanding federal student loan debt
Sector Outstanding Stafford debt Outstanding Parent PLUS debt Outstanding Grad PLUS debt Total debt
For-profit $20,629,814,000 $1,621,262,000 $1,546,676,000 $23,797,752,000
Non-profit $36,862,451,000 $3,253,504,000 $13,778,933,000 $53,894,889,000
Public $32,217,284,000 $3,055,304,000 $1,881,292,000 $37,153,880,000
All sectors $89,709,549,000 $7,930,071,000 $17,206,902,000 $114,846,521,000

Data source and notes


Table 7

California institutions with the highest shares of undergraduates borrowing loans
Institution name Control Percent of undergraduates who receive federal student loans Median debt at graduation
Premiere Career College For-profit 93.8% $15,932
Mayfield College For-profit 91.7% $9,025
InterCoast Colleges-Santa Ana For-profit 90.6% $10,055
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit 88.7% $25,000
West Coast University-Los Angeles For-profit 87.9% $33,319
Pacific Oaks College Non-profit 87.3% $26,319
Stanbridge University For-profit 87.0% $20,002
Southern California Health Institute For-profit 84.9% $9,500
West Coast Ultrasound Institute For-profit 83.9% $20,667
American College of Healthcare and Technology For-profit 80.3% $9,500
Chamberlain University-California For-profit 80.1% $22,204
UEI College-Gardena For-profit 79.9% $9,500
Platt College-Los Angeles For-profit 79.5% $18,873
High Desert Medical College For-profit 77.7% $15,866
UEI College-Fresno For-profit 77.4% $9,500
Glendale Career College For-profit 77.3% $9,500
Santa Barbara Business College-Bakersfield For-profit 77.1% $16,163
Career Care Institute For-profit 75.9% $12,978
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus For-profit 73.6% $9,500
Los Angeles Pacific University Non-profit 73.4% $10,500
MTI College For-profit 73.4% $8,762
CBD College Non-profit 73.0% $18,250
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove For-profit 72.7% $11,898
Career Networks Institute For-profit 72.6% $26,479
Fresno Pacific University Non-profit 70.5% $23,219
Hussian College-Los Angeles For-profit 70.2% $16,666
National Career College For-profit 69.9% $8,391
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino For-profit 69.5% $9,500
Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts For-profit 68.8% $17,317
California Baptist University Non-profit 68.7% $27,000
Whittier College Non-profit 68.5% $25,000
North-West College-Pomona For-profit 68.1% $9,500
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit 68.0% $24,000
Hope International University Non-profit 66.4% $23,750
Salon Success Academy-Corona For-profit 66.1% $7,177
Southern California Institute of Technology For-profit 65.6% $10,908
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood For-profit 65.4% $11,000
Blake Austin College For-profit 65.3% $9,500
Summit College For-profit 64.3% $7,600
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc For-profit 64.1% $14,243
William Jessup University Non-profit 64.1% $22,334
North-West College-West Covina For-profit 64.0% $9,500
La Sierra University Non-profit 63.9% $27,000
Simpson University Non-profit 63.5% $19,742
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc For-profit 63.1% $13,875
Paul Mitchell the School-Temecula For-profit 62.5% $13,583
Los Angeles Film School For-profit 62.3% $23,000
Paul Mitchell the School-Sacramento For-profit 62.1% $6,333
American Career College-Ontario For-profit 62.0% $9,500
University of La Verne Non-profit 61.9% $24,250
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology For-profit 61.8% $20,000
Dominican University of California Non-profit 60.8% $27,000
Loma Linda University Non-profit 60.6% $20,082
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit 60.5% $23,949
American Career College-Los Angeles For-profit 60.3% $9,500
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia For-profit 60.3% $10,673
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Non-profit 60.0% $13,293
Milan Institute-Visalia For-profit 59.5% $7,917
Concorde Career College-San Diego For-profit 59.1% $9,500
Paul Mitchell the School-Modesto For-profit 58.1% $6,333
University of Redlands Non-profit 58.1% $26,249
Ashford University For-profit 56.7% $31,802
Biola University Non-profit 56.3% $24,273
DeVry University-California For-profit 56.0% $28,308
Samuel Merritt University Non-profit 55.3% $20,389
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit 54.6% $23,000
Milan Institute of Cosmetology-Fairfield For-profit 53.9% $6,333
Federico Beauty Institute For-profit 53.8% $6,272
Westmont College Non-profit 53.6% $23,250
California Lutheran University Non-profit 52.7% $21,750
Carrington College-Sacramento For-profit 52.2% $10,813
Aveda Institute-Los Angeles For-profit 52.1% $6,333
Paul Mitchell the School-Costa Mesa For-profit 51.8% $9,916
University of the Pacific Non-profit 51.6% $19,500
University of San Francisco Non-profit 51.3% $23,250
California College San Diego Non-profit 51.3% $25,726
Make-up Designory For-profit 51.2% $4,962
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles For-profit 50.4% $14,165
National Holistic Institute For-profit 50.2% $9,500
Humboldt State University Public 50.0% $17,993
Bellus Academy-Poway For-profit 49.7% $9,154
The Master’s University and Seminary Non-profit 48.3% $21,000
University of Antelope Valley For-profit 48.2% $13,388
Chapman University Non-profit 48.0% $20,500
University of California-Merced Public 47.5% $17,500
Academy of Art University For-profit 47.2% $31,000
Institute of Technology For-profit 47.1% $9,500
Milan Institute-Fresno For-profit 46.3% $6,333
University of California-Riverside Public 45.0% $18,000
Occidental College Non-profit 44.8% $22,336
Art Center College of Design Non-profit 44.4% $31,218
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit 43.9% $23,350
California State University-Chico Public 43.6% $16,931
Institute of Culinary Education For-profit 42.0% $6,439
Pepperdine University Non-profit 40.5% $25,000
Brandman University Non-profit 40.4% $23,451
University of Phoenix-California For-profit 40.2% $32,421
California State University-Monterey Bay Public 40.2% $13,750
Institute for Business and Technology For-profit 39.3% $8,152
University of California-Santa Cruz Public 38.9% $17,484

Data source and notes


(Summary text here)

Table 8: Stafford

California institutions by ratio of Stafford borrowers’ current balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment
Institution name Control of institution Ratio of current Stafford balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment Average outstanding Stafford debt, 10 years into repayment
Solano Community College Public 1.191 $12,127
InterCoast Colleges-Santa Ana For-profit 1.183 $9,845
Humphreys University-Stockton and Modesto Campuses Non-profit 1.179 $19,479
Victor Valley College Public 1.167 $9,407
Mt San Jacinto Community College District Public 1.159 $10,730
Antelope Valley College Public 1.153 $9,079
California College San Diego Non-profit 1.149 $15,667
Fremont College For-profit 1.139 $12,567
San Joaquin Delta College Public 1.134 $8,892
Santa Barbara Business College-Bakersfield For-profit 1.129 $8,873
Santiago Canyon College Public 1.118 $6,854
Copper Mountain Community College Public 1.117 $12,325
Berkeley City College Public 1.109 $8,586
Compton College Public 1.108 $5,370
Hussian College-Los Angeles For-profit 1.099 $10,544
Los Angeles Mission College Public 1.096 $6,789
Folsom Lake College Public 1.092 $7,355
Milan Institute of Cosmetology-Fairfield For-profit 1.092 $8,793
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus For-profit 1.089 $7,386
California Aeronautical University For-profit 1.086 $8,329
College of the Siskiyous Public 1.075 $8,314
Citrus College Public 1.066 $6,900
Milan Institute-Fresno For-profit 1.052 $7,868
American River College Public 1.052 $7,681
West Los Angeles College Public 1.051 $7,571
Platt College-Los Angeles For-profit 1.049 $13,422
UEI College-Fresno For-profit 1.045 $6,351
Advanced College For-profit 1.040 $9,018
Bellus Academy-Chula Vista For-profit 1.039 $8,046
University of Antelope Valley For-profit 1.038 $6,905
Columbia College Hollywood Non-profit 1.036 $17,468
West Hills College-Coalinga Public 1.034 $5,817
Cerro Coso Community College Public 1.033 $6,342
Healthcare Career College For-profit 1.033 $5,343
Institute of Technology For-profit 1.032 $6,762
West Hills College-Lemoore Public 1.029 $4,740
Chabot College Public 1.017 $6,636
Summit College For-profit 1.015 $9,805
Sacramento City College Public 1.009 $8,322
American Career College-Ontario For-profit 1.008 $6,957
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia For-profit 1.008 $9,850
College of Marin Public 1.002 $9,207
El Camino Community College District Public 1.002 $5,934
Columbia College - Los Alamitos Non-profit 1.001 $11,478
John F. Kennedy University Non-profit 0.995 $17,888
Bellus Academy-El Cajon For-profit 0.992 $6,809
PCI College For-profit 0.991 $8,078
Milan Institute-Palm Desert For-profit 0.989 $6,627
East Los Angeles College Public 0.989 $8,498
Valley College of Medical Careers For-profit 0.989 $6,410
Concorde Career College-San Diego For-profit 0.988 $7,514
Rio Hondo College Public 0.987 $7,382
Cambridge Junior College-Yuba City For-profit 0.987 $7,226
Milan Institute-Visalia For-profit 0.987 $6,615
Adrian’s College of Beauty Turlock For-profit 0.984 $7,418
Platt College-San Diego For-profit 0.981 $16,131
Allan Hancock College Public 0.981 $7,903
Cosumnes River College Public 0.980 $6,997
DeVry University-California For-profit 0.979 $13,654
Sierra College Public 0.976 $7,788
Butte College Public 0.975 $7,241
North Adrian’s College of Beauty Inc For-profit 0.975 $5,869
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino For-profit 0.974 $8,204
Gavilan College Public 0.973 $5,391
Cypress College Public 0.966 $7,821
American Academy of Dramatic Arts-Los Angeles Non-profit 0.962 $9,400
Capstone College For-profit 0.960 $4,709
Feather River Community College District Public 0.959 $5,304
Los Angeles Pierce College Public 0.958 $6,957
American Career College-Los Angeles For-profit 0.954 $6,970
Academy of Art University For-profit 0.951 $11,640
Pacific Oaks College Non-profit 0.948 $15,056
University of Phoenix-California For-profit 0.940 $8,681
California State University-San Bernardino Public 0.934 $13,403
Bakersfield College Public 0.934 $5,512
Southern California Institute of Technology For-profit 0.931 $7,500
Alliant International University-San Diego For-profit 0.930 $11,581
Empire College For-profit 0.929 $8,790
Holy Names University Non-profit 0.924 $11,978
Carrington College-Sacramento For-profit 0.923 $8,461
ATI College-Norwalk For-profit 0.920 $9,912
National Polytechnic College For-profit 0.915 $6,250
Premiere Career College For-profit 0.909 $7,687
College of the Redwoods Public 0.908 $6,177
Institute for Business and Technology For-profit 0.908 $6,101
Santa Barbara City College Public 0.907 $6,466
Long Beach City College Public 0.907 $4,901
Antioch University-Los Angeles Non-profit 0.904 $14,230
Mendocino College Public 0.902 $6,500
Pacific College For-profit 0.899 $10,118
Ashford University For-profit 0.899 $6,616
Monterey Peninsula College Public 0.898 $5,720
North-West College-Pomona For-profit 0.889 $6,795
Career Care Institute For-profit 0.888 $6,476
Merritt College Public 0.888 $4,951
Ventura College Public 0.887 $7,098
MTI College For-profit 0.886 $6,941
San Francisco Art Institute Non-profit 0.884 $13,365
Santa Barbara Business College-Santa Maria For-profit 0.882 $7,188
University of La Verne Non-profit 0.881 $13,808
Lancaster Beauty School For-profit 0.881 $4,716
Coba Academy For-profit 0.880 $7,858
San Bernardino Valley College Public 0.876 $4,093
San Jose City College Public 0.873 $4,178
Colleen O’Haras Beauty Academy For-profit 0.873 $6,322
Shasta College Public 0.872 $5,863
Avalon School of Cosmetology-Alameda For-profit 0.872 $4,575
Yuba College Public 0.870 $5,616
San Diego City College Public 0.869 $4,177
Southern California Institute of Architecture Non-profit 0.868 $18,613
California State University-Dominguez Hills Public 0.866 $8,347
Cabrillo College Public 0.863 $6,510
Lassen Community College Public 0.859 $4,218
Fullerton College Public 0.857 $4,345
City College of San Francisco Public 0.857 $6,694
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology For-profit 0.855 $9,757
Los Angeles City College Public 0.855 $4,273
Coastline Community College Public 0.854 $4,947
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood For-profit 0.852 $7,236
Trident University International For-profit 0.850 $8,117
Irvine Valley College Public 0.847 $5,413
NTMA Training Centers of Southern California Non-profit 0.845 $4,840
Cuyamaca College Public 0.843 $3,434
Palomar College Public 0.843 $3,363
College of the Canyons Public 0.842 $5,583
Mission College Public 0.840 $5,096
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Los Angeles Non-profit 0.831 $9,098
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc For-profit 0.830 $9,359
CET-San Jose Non-profit 0.829 $3,589
South Coast College For-profit 0.828 $11,419
Newschool of Architecture and Design For-profit 0.825 $14,367
SAE Expression College For-profit 0.825 $16,435
California Baptist University Non-profit 0.824 $12,778
De Anza College Public 0.823 $5,862
California Healing Arts College For-profit 0.822 $5,162
Moorpark College Public 0.822 $6,130
Glendale Career College For-profit 0.821 $7,376
Los Angeles Film School For-profit 0.820 $5,758
Woodbury University Non-profit 0.815 $15,471
Glendale Community College Public 0.809 $4,867
Career Networks Institute For-profit 0.808 $6,699
Pima Medical Institute-Chula Vista For-profit 0.806 $6,042
Fresno City College Public 0.806 $3,052
Marymount California University Non-profit 0.803 $4,852
Los Angeles Center Non-profit 0.802 $12,636
La Sierra University Non-profit 0.802 $9,338
San Diego Miramar College Public 0.802 $3,478
California State University-Bakersfield Public 0.799 $8,368
Bellus Academy-Poway For-profit 0.794 $5,624
Associated Technical College-San Diego For-profit 0.792 $2,500
Royale College of Beauty and Barbering For-profit 0.791 $4,001
National University Non-profit 0.791 $11,069
Evergreen Valley College Public 0.787 $5,532
Santa Monica College Public 0.786 $3,638
UEI College-Gardena For-profit 0.784 $4,395
Design Institute of San Diego For-profit 0.784 $16,619
Santa Ana College Public 0.778 $5,360
California State University-Los Angeles Public 0.777 $6,928
Pasadena City College Public 0.776 $4,010
College of the Sequoias Public 0.774 $3,798
Salon Success Academy-Corona For-profit 0.773 $4,287
Orange Coast College Public 0.769 $4,450
Reedley College Public 0.768 $2,607
Modern Technology School For-profit 0.761 $9,158
California State University-Northridge Public 0.760 $8,709
Humboldt State University Public 0.760 $9,394
Cerritos College Public 0.757 $4,012
Napa Valley College Public 0.753 $6,108
Hope International University Non-profit 0.752 $9,199
Musicians Institute For-profit 0.749 $4,849
Chamberlain University-California For-profit 0.746 $11,742
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove For-profit 0.743 $6,473
West Valley College Public 0.740 $3,780
Chaffey College Public 0.737 $2,564
Mills College Non-profit 0.736 $10,446
San Diego Mesa College Public 0.735 $3,185
Stanbridge University For-profit 0.732 $6,395
California Hair Design Academy For-profit 0.728 $4,042
Southwestern College Public 0.726 $2,752
California State University-San Marcos Public 0.723 $8,823
Trinity Law School Non-profit 0.722 $9,558
Pitzer College Non-profit 0.721 $6,554
San Francisco State University Public 0.720 $9,389
Design’s School of Cosmetology For-profit 0.718 $3,668
National Holistic Institute For-profit 0.717 $4,640
Fresno Pacific University Non-profit 0.717 $9,228
Blake Austin College For-profit 0.716 $6,172
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit 0.715 $10,709
Los Angeles Harbor College Public 0.715 $4,115
Casa Loma College-Van Nuys Non-profit 0.715 $6,999
College of the Desert Public 0.715 $3,162
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc For-profit 0.714 $7,264
California State University-Fresno Public 0.711 $8,116
Santa Rosa Junior College Public 0.708 $4,748
California Institute of the Arts Non-profit 0.707 $11,241
Ohlone College Public 0.707 $5,600
Menlo College Non-profit 0.705 $8,143
Los Angeles Valley College Public 0.700 $3,191
Asher College For-profit 0.698 $3,130
California State University-East Bay Public 0.698 $7,764
Hypnosis Motivation Institute Non-profit 0.697 $4,992
Salon Success Academy-Upland For-profit 0.696 $3,509
Golden West College Public 0.694 $3,812
Saddleback College Public 0.693 $3,827
Riverside City College Public 0.687 $3,496
Diablo Valley College Public 0.685 $3,723
California State University-Channel Islands Public 0.684 $6,942
California College of the Arts Non-profit 0.682 $12,256
Federico Beauty Institute For-profit 0.677 $4,230
San Diego Christian College Non-profit 0.676 $8,143
CBD College Non-profit 0.676 $9,161
Golden Gate University-San Francisco Non-profit 0.671 $10,539
Chapman University Non-profit 0.667 $10,193
California State University-Stanislaus Public 0.665 $6,704
Cuesta College Public 0.662 $3,599
California State University-Sacramento Public 0.658 $7,641
Art Center College of Design Non-profit 0.651 $12,966
North-West College-West Covina For-profit 0.650 $3,392
Brownson Technical School For-profit 0.650 $3,459
Mt San Antonio College Public 0.649 $3,685
Palladium Technical Academy Inc For-profit 0.649 $3,720
Vanguard University of Southern California Non-profit 0.648 $8,851
West Coast Ultrasound Institute For-profit 0.648 $7,286
San Diego State University Public 0.648 $7,801
Simpson University Non-profit 0.648 $8,054
Professional Golfers Career College For-profit 0.647 $6,843
North-West College-Van Nuys For-profit 0.642 $3,379
MiraCosta College Public 0.640 $2,464
Central California School of Continuing Education For-profit 0.636 $4,550
Paul Mitchell the School-Costa Mesa For-profit 0.630 $4,901
Notre Dame de Namur University Non-profit 0.627 $9,305
Sonoma State University Public 0.623 $7,825
Grossmont College Public 0.621 $2,352
Life Pacific University Non-profit 0.617 $7,225
Otis College of Art and Design Non-profit 0.610 $10,227
West Coast University-Los Angeles For-profit 0.610 $8,274
University of California-Riverside Public 0.607 $6,817
William Jessup University Non-profit 0.601 $8,326
Pacific Union College Non-profit 0.601 $7,322
California State University-Fullerton Public 0.596 $6,486
Associated Technical College-Los Angeles For-profit 0.593 $1,801
California State University-Monterey Bay Public 0.590 $5,491
Palomar Institute of Cosmetology For-profit 0.587 $3,645
Central Coast College For-profit 0.577 $2,538
California State University-Chico Public 0.573 $6,148
Career Academy of Beauty For-profit 0.572 $2,410
Dominican University of California Non-profit 0.572 $8,343
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles For-profit 0.570 $4,390
Foothill College Public 0.569 $4,355
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit 0.566 $7,163
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit 0.565 $7,904
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit 0.557 $7,283
California Lutheran University Non-profit 0.554 $7,220
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Public 0.553 $6,359
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Non-profit 0.550 $7,547
Lytles Redwood Empire Beauty College Inc For-profit 0.544 $4,294
Newberry School of Beauty For-profit 0.543 $2,254
Laguna College of Art and Design Non-profit 0.540 $7,792
Pepperdine University Non-profit 0.530 $8,122
California State University-Long Beach Public 0.527 $5,378
Whittier College Non-profit 0.525 $6,312
University of California-Santa Barbara Public 0.521 $5,927
University of California-Santa Cruz Public 0.517 $5,615
Interior Designers Institute For-profit 0.508 $6,349
University of the Pacific Non-profit 0.508 $6,936
University of Redlands Non-profit 0.507 $6,284
Contra Costa College Public 0.496 $2,251
University of San Francisco Non-profit 0.496 $6,953
University of California-Merced Public 0.487 $3,309
University of California-Berkeley Public 0.486 $5,481
Touro University California Non-profit 0.482 $5,759
San Jose State University Public 0.473 $4,685
University of California-Irvine Public 0.472 $5,291
University of California-Los Angeles Public 0.470 $5,245
Miami Ad School-San Francisco For-profit 0.459 $6,149
Culinary Institute of America at Greystone Non-profit 0.455 $4,846
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit 0.449 $5,939
Los Angeles County College of Nursing and Allied Health Public 0.447 $4,607
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit 0.441 $5,641
California Career College For-profit 0.435 $4,344
Marian Health Careers Center-Los Angeles Campus For-profit 0.432 $4,024
Biola University Non-profit 0.427 $5,492
University of San Diego Non-profit 0.413 $4,836
University of California-Davis Public 0.411 $3,910
California State University Maritime Academy Public 0.404 $5,800
Loma Linda University Non-profit 0.403 $5,893
The Master’s University and Seminary Non-profit 0.399 $4,719
Bard College - MAT Program CA Non-profit 0.391 $4,743
University of Southern California Non-profit 0.375 $5,302
University of California-San Diego Public 0.364 $4,253
Gemological Institute of America-Carlsbad Non-profit 0.342 $2,250
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Non-profit 0.315 $2,903
Bethel Seminary-San Diego Non-profit 0.314 $4,058
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo Public 0.305 $3,740
Stanford University Non-profit 0.296 $2,210
Santa Clara University Non-profit 0.284 $3,266
Occidental College Non-profit 0.281 $2,761
Scripps College Non-profit 0.276 $2,505
Thomas Aquinas College Non-profit 0.263 $2,580
Westmont College Non-profit 0.256 $2,898
Pomona College Non-profit 0.223 $1,615
Samuel Merritt University Non-profit 0.209 $3,388
Claremont McKenna College Non-profit 0.137 $950
Harvey Mudd College Non-profit 0.100 $1,056

Table 8: Parent PLUS

California institutions by ratio of Parent PLUS borrowers’ current balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment
Institution name Control of institution Ratio of current Parent PLUS balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment Average outstanding Parent PLUS debt, 10 years into repayment
La Sierra University Non-profit 0.850 $14,979
Platt College-Los Angeles For-profit 0.805 $13,598
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit 0.797 $31,091
California Institute of the Arts Non-profit 0.786 $32,780
Academy of Art University For-profit 0.743 $20,864
Art Center College of Design Non-profit 0.721 $36,159
California State University-Northridge Public 0.711 $8,782
Woodbury University Non-profit 0.708 $19,291
Musicians Institute For-profit 0.706 $17,722
Marymount California University Non-profit 0.701 $10,346
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles For-profit 0.700 $18,299
Whittier College Non-profit 0.685 $19,308
SAE Expression College For-profit 0.675 $23,761
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit 0.673 $27,648
The Master’s University and Seminary Non-profit 0.669 $15,521
University of La Verne Non-profit 0.666 $11,421
Dominican University of California Non-profit 0.663 $27,314
Vanguard University of Southern California Non-profit 0.663 $15,090
University of San Diego Non-profit 0.655 $30,724
University of Southern California Non-profit 0.653 $28,523
Otis College of Art and Design Non-profit 0.649 $15,540
California State University-East Bay Public 0.640 $8,641
Culinary Institute of America at Greystone Non-profit 0.640 $18,132
Pepperdine University Non-profit 0.633 $21,597
Bard College - MAT Program CA Non-profit 0.630 $22,415
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Public 0.626 $8,975
California Baptist University Non-profit 0.616 $12,487
California State University-Fullerton Public 0.616 $7,811
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia For-profit 0.613 $6,408
Menlo College Non-profit 0.613 $14,453
California State University-Fresno Public 0.610 $7,120
Notre Dame de Namur University Non-profit 0.607 $15,527
California College of the Arts Non-profit 0.606 $12,580
DeVry University-California For-profit 0.603 $9,086
California State University-San Bernardino Public 0.595 $5,694
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit 0.593 $16,740
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit 0.592 $13,261
Stanford University Non-profit 0.591 $23,424
Westmont College Non-profit 0.591 $19,145
Santa Clara University Non-profit 0.572 $27,244
Summit College For-profit 0.562 $5,599
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit 0.560 $13,604
University of Redlands Non-profit 0.557 $14,257
California Lutheran University Non-profit 0.554 $9,474
San Francisco State University Public 0.553 $9,485
University of Antelope Valley For-profit 0.552 $3,436
Simpson University Non-profit 0.544 $9,942
California State University-Sacramento Public 0.540 $7,123
University of San Francisco Non-profit 0.535 $19,350
California State University-Stanislaus Public 0.530 $6,436
San Jose State University Public 0.529 $7,838
Hope International University Non-profit 0.526 $7,283
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit 0.523 $6,914
California State University-Long Beach Public 0.521 $7,412
Occidental College Non-profit 0.517 $16,707
University of California-Los Angeles Public 0.516 $10,023
University of Phoenix-California For-profit 0.515 $4,204
Concorde Career College-San Diego For-profit 0.511 $4,691
Biola University Non-profit 0.510 $14,989
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc For-profit 0.500 $7,593
American Career College-Ontario For-profit 0.499 $3,832
Columbia College - Los Alamitos Non-profit 0.495 $5,528
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood For-profit 0.488 $4,745
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo Public 0.487 $10,130
University of California-Merced Public 0.479 $7,054
Fresno Pacific University Non-profit 0.479 $6,879
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc For-profit 0.478 $7,760
Chapman University Non-profit 0.476 $9,501
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology For-profit 0.468 $5,992
Institute of Technology For-profit 0.464 $2,602
University of the Pacific Non-profit 0.462 $13,274
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino For-profit 0.445 $3,914
California State University-Channel Islands Public 0.439 $6,666
University of California-Riverside Public 0.439 $6,363
California State University-Monterey Bay Public 0.435 $5,019
Ashford University For-profit 0.432 $4,459
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus For-profit 0.431 $2,656
University of California-San Diego Public 0.428 $6,992
Casa Loma College-Van Nuys Non-profit 0.419 $5,426
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Non-profit 0.417 $12,402
San Diego State University Public 0.415 $7,108
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove For-profit 0.410 $4,799
University of California-Irvine Public 0.407 $7,898
Carrington College-Sacramento For-profit 0.407 $3,690
Sonoma State University Public 0.405 $7,534
California State University-Chico Public 0.403 $6,196
Institute for Business and Technology For-profit 0.403 $3,441
American Career College-Los Angeles For-profit 0.403 $3,353
University of California-Santa Barbara Public 0.393 $8,654
California State University Maritime Academy Public 0.387 $8,238
Milan Institute-Visalia For-profit 0.386 $1,850
Hussian College-Los Angeles For-profit 0.382 $3,360
Humboldt State University Public 0.363 $4,827
University of California-Santa Cruz Public 0.357 $7,845
Bethel Seminary-San Diego Non-profit 0.340 $7,236
Milan Institute-Palm Desert For-profit 0.315 $1,483
University of California-Berkeley Public 0.309 $6,497
University of California-Davis Public 0.296 $4,950
Milan Institute-Fresno For-profit 0.285 $1,605
CET-San Jose Non-profit 0.282 $689
Paul Mitchell the School-Costa Mesa For-profit 0.266 $2,732
Pima Medical Institute-Chula Vista For-profit 0.247 $1,356

Table 8: Grad PLUS

California institutions by ratio of Grad PLUS borrowers’ current balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment
Institution name Control of institution Ratio of current Grad PLUS balance to original balance, 10 years into repayment Average outstanding Grad PLUS debt, 10 years into repayment
Life Chiropractic College West Non-profit 1.332 $129,808
Southern California University of Health Sciences Non-profit 1.252 $116,075
American Film Institute Conservatory Non-profit 1.219 $101,362
Thomas Jefferson School of Law Non-profit 1.158 $101,082
Pacific Oaks College Non-profit 1.134 $41,115
California Western School of Law Non-profit 1.039 $94,489
California Institute of the Arts Non-profit 1.036 $52,342
La Sierra University Non-profit 1.031 $32,249
Academy of Art University For-profit 1.026 $40,002
Pacifica Graduate Institute For-profit 1.024 $43,433
Five Branches University For-profit 1.016 $76,386
DeVry University-California For-profit 1.012 $28,745
John F. Kennedy University Non-profit 0.998 $47,122
University of Phoenix-California For-profit 0.997 $22,680
Saybrook University Non-profit 0.992 $40,947
Pacific College of Health and Science For-profit 0.991 $54,627
California Baptist University Non-profit 0.990 $30,220
California State University-San Bernardino Public 0.974 $23,464
The Wright Institute Non-profit 0.972 $64,935
University of La Verne Non-profit 0.960 $31,845
San Joaquin College of Law Non-profit 0.957 $42,613
Ashford University For-profit 0.954 $18,534
Alliant International University-San Diego For-profit 0.951 $55,189
Trident University International For-profit 0.926 $14,602
Sofia University For-profit 0.922 $44,190
Los Angeles Center Non-profit 0.922 $32,120
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Los Angeles Non-profit 0.919 $44,972
California Institute of Integral Studies Non-profit 0.919 $40,954
Pacific School of Religion Non-profit 0.917 $29,496
Trinity Law School Non-profit 0.911 $30,707
Claremont Graduate University Non-profit 0.909 $44,520
Woodbury University Non-profit 0.901 $29,744
Vanguard University of Southern California Non-profit 0.899 $20,521
Whittier College Non-profit 0.889 $47,718
Antioch University-Los Angeles Non-profit 0.889 $33,879
Southwestern Law School Non-profit 0.874 $75,095
Palo Alto University Non-profit 0.870 $69,891
Columbia College - Los Alamitos Non-profit 0.858 $14,551
Emperor’s College of Traditional Oriental Medicine For-profit 0.852 $31,489
Notre Dame de Namur University Non-profit 0.850 $27,913
National University Non-profit 0.846 $20,324
Fielding Graduate University Non-profit 0.843 $33,245
Golden Gate University-San Francisco Non-profit 0.836 $36,458
Holy Names University Non-profit 0.832 $23,619
Mills College Non-profit 0.831 $27,847
California State University-Bakersfield Public 0.815 $11,403
Hope International University Non-profit 0.803 $17,544
Humboldt State University Public 0.801 $15,691
Bard College - MAT Program CA Non-profit 0.795 $28,544
Chapman University Non-profit 0.785 $28,719
California State University-Dominguez Hills Public 0.774 $11,774
Sonoma State University Public 0.767 $21,875
San Francisco Art Institute Non-profit 0.764 $35,217
California State University-Chico Public 0.759 $13,535
Fuller Theological Seminary Non-profit 0.758 $24,597
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit 0.758 $41,751
Fresno Pacific University Non-profit 0.756 $16,667
California State University-Los Angeles Public 0.755 $10,458
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit 0.753 $25,578
California State University-Northridge Public 0.753 $17,298
San Francisco State University Public 0.752 $19,519
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit 0.749 $19,415
University of Redlands Non-profit 0.747 $21,390
South Baylo University Non-profit 0.745 $20,227
University of California-Riverside Public 0.733 $18,145
California State University-San Marcos Public 0.719 $13,096
Southern California Institute of Architecture Non-profit 0.719 $47,291
Pepperdine University Non-profit 0.719 $39,666
Newschool of Architecture and Design For-profit 0.716 $34,763
California Lutheran University Non-profit 0.715 $18,440
California State University-East Bay Public 0.711 $14,311
California College of the Arts Non-profit 0.701 $29,379
University of San Diego Non-profit 0.688 $34,171
Dominican University of California Non-profit 0.675 $20,585
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit 0.674 $15,357
California State University-Sacramento Public 0.666 $13,777
California State University-Stanislaus Public 0.664 $11,304
San Diego State University Public 0.662 $15,983
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit 0.658 $20,561
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Public 0.657 $13,139
Bethel Seminary-San Diego Non-profit 0.652 $14,280
California State University-Fresno Public 0.645 $11,437
Biola University Non-profit 0.644 $12,206
California State University-Fullerton Public 0.642 $13,485
San Francisco Conservatory of Music Non-profit 0.640 $20,884
University of California-Santa Barbara Public 0.637 $19,216
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit 0.627 $11,382
California State University-Long Beach Public 0.621 $10,241
University of San Francisco Non-profit 0.616 $30,064
Touro University California Non-profit 0.615 $54,251
University of Southern California Non-profit 0.606 $42,397
University of California-Santa Cruz Public 0.605 $15,181
University of the Pacific Non-profit 0.593 $52,155
Samuel Merritt University Non-profit 0.590 $58,496
Loma Linda University Non-profit 0.571 $44,599
Santa Clara University Non-profit 0.567 $29,395
San Jose State University Public 0.558 $9,689
Western University of Health Sciences Non-profit 0.554 $61,978
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Non-profit 0.539 $16,796
University of California-Hastings College of Law Public 0.529 $35,034
University of California-Irvine Public 0.495 $20,021
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo Public 0.461 $8,182
University of California-Davis Public 0.459 $16,818
Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion-Los Angeles Non-profit 0.438 $19,165
University of California-Los Angeles Public 0.438 $19,177
Marshall B Ketchum University Non-profit 0.416 $31,177
University of California-San Diego Public 0.406 $12,403
University of California-Berkeley Public 0.364 $14,136
University of California-San Francisco Public 0.307 $15,525
Western Seminary-San Jose Non-profit 0.245 $3,382
Stanford University Non-profit 0.180 $7,184

Data source and notes


(Summary text here)

Table 9: Stafford

California institutions by share of Stafford borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment
Institution name Control of institution Estimated share of Stafford borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment
Hussian College-Los Angeles For-profit 53.0%
Laurus College For-profit 52.5%
College of Marin Public 51.0%
Diversified Vocational College For-profit 51.0%
American College of Healthcare and Technology For-profit 50.5%
UEI College-Fresno For-profit 50.0%
Milan Institute of Cosmetology-Fairfield For-profit 49.0%
Associated Technical College-Los Angeles For-profit 48.5%
Los Angeles Film School For-profit 47.0%
Laney College Public 46.5%
West Hills College-Coalinga Public 46.5%
SUM Bible College and Theological Seminary Non-profit 46.5%
North Adrian’s College of Beauty Inc For-profit 46.0%
Milan Institute-Fresno For-profit 46.0%
San Joaquin Delta College Public 46.0%
Victor Valley College Public 46.0%
UEI College-Gardena For-profit 46.0%
Ashford University For-profit 46.0%
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus For-profit 45.0%
Cosumnes River College Public 44.5%
College of the Siskiyous Public 44.5%
Milan Institute-Palm Desert For-profit 44.5%
Santa Barbara Business College-Bakersfield For-profit 44.5%
American River College Public 44.0%
California College San Diego Non-profit 44.0%
Institute of Technology For-profit 43.0%
Antelope Valley College Public 43.0%
University of Phoenix-California For-profit 43.0%
Coastline Community College Public 42.5%
Bakersfield College Public 42.5%
City College of San Francisco Public 42.5%
Fremont College For-profit 42.5%
Sacramento City College Public 42.0%
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia For-profit 42.0%
DeVry University-California For-profit 42.0%
Butte College Public 42.0%
Allan Hancock College Public 41.5%
Cabrillo College Public 41.5%
International School of Beauty Inc For-profit 41.5%
Reedley College Public 41.5%
Mendocino College Public 41.5%
Merritt College Public 41.5%
Monterey Peninsula College Public 41.5%
Salon Success Academy-Corona For-profit 41.5%
San Jose City College Public 41.5%
Solano Community College Public 41.5%
South Coast College For-profit 41.5%
Pacific College of Health and Science For-profit 41.5%
Folsom Lake College Public 41.5%
United States University For-profit 41.5%
SAE Expression College For-profit 41.5%
West Hills College-Lemoore Public 41.5%
Avalon School of Cosmetology-Alameda For-profit 41.0%
Feather River Community College District Public 41.0%
Paul Mitchell the School-Fresno For-profit 41.0%
Humphreys University-Stockton and Modesto Campuses Non-profit 40.5%
San Diego City College Public 40.5%
CET-San Diego Non-profit 40.0%
Los Angeles Pierce College Public 40.0%
Sierra College Public 40.0%
InterCoast Colleges-Santa Ana For-profit 40.0%
Columbia College - Los Alamitos Non-profit 39.0%
Columbia College Hollywood Non-profit 38.5%
Los Angeles Trade Technical College Public 38.5%
Shasta College Public 38.5%
Mayfield College For-profit 38.5%
Southern California Health Institute For-profit 38.5%
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc For-profit 38.0%
Academy of Art University For-profit 37.0%
Los Angeles City College Public 37.0%
Carrington College-Sacramento For-profit 37.0%
Summit College For-profit 37.0%
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc For-profit 37.0%
American Career College-Ontario For-profit 37.0%
American Academy of Dramatic Arts-Los Angeles Non-profit 36.5%
California Institute of the Arts Non-profit 36.5%
College of the Canyons Public 36.5%
Chabot College Public 36.5%
Contra Costa College Public 36.5%
Fresno City College Public 36.5%
Irvine Valley College Public 36.5%
John F. Kennedy University Non-profit 36.5%
Los Angeles Valley College Public 36.5%
Los Angeles Mission College Public 36.5%
MiraCosta College Public 36.5%
Concorde Career College-San Diego For-profit 36.5%
Pasadena City College Public 36.5%
College of the Redwoods Public 36.5%
Ventura College Public 36.5%
Berkeley City College Public 36.5%
Woodbury University Non-profit 36.5%
California Healing Arts College For-profit 36.5%
Career Care Institute For-profit 36.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Sacramento For-profit 36.5%
Aveda Institute-Los Angeles For-profit 36.5%
Bellus Academy-Chula Vista For-profit 36.0%
Fullerton College Public 36.0%
Institute for Business and Technology For-profit 36.0%
Long Beach City College Public 36.0%
Salon Success Academy-Upland For-profit 36.0%
Santa Barbara City College Public 36.0%
Antioch University-Los Angeles Non-profit 36.0%
California Aeronautical University For-profit 36.0%
Design’s School of Cosmetology For-profit 36.0%
National Career College For-profit 36.0%
Cinta Aveda Institute For-profit 36.0%
Musicians Institute For-profit 34.5%
Foothill College Public 34.5%
Marymount California University Non-profit 34.5%
Concorde Career College-San Bernardino For-profit 34.5%
New York Film Academy For-profit 34.5%
Milan Institute-Visalia For-profit 34.0%
American Career College-Los Angeles For-profit 34.0%
De Anza College Public 34.0%
Riverside City College Public 34.0%
Santa Barbara Business College-Santa Maria For-profit 34.0%
Platt College-Los Angeles For-profit 34.0%
La Sierra University Non-profit 33.0%
Citrus College Public 32.5%
East Los Angeles College Public 32.5%
San Diego Mesa College Public 32.5%
Santa Monica College Public 32.5%
Career Networks Institute For-profit 32.5%
Cerritos College Public 32.0%
San Diego Christian College Non-profit 32.0%
National University Non-profit 32.0%
West Coast Ultrasound Institute For-profit 32.0%
Trident University International For-profit 32.0%
Homestead Schools Non-profit 32.0%
Cogswell University of Silicon Valley For-profit 31.5%
Golden West College Public 31.5%
International School of Cosmetology For-profit 31.5%
Los Angeles Southwest College Public 31.5%
Moorpark College Public 31.5%
Mt San Antonio College Public 31.5%
Palomar College Public 31.5%
Santa Ana College Public 31.5%
San Diego Miramar College Public 31.5%
San Francisco Art Institute Non-profit 31.5%
College of the Sequoias Public 31.5%
Southwestern College Public 31.5%
West Los Angeles College Public 31.5%
Miami Ad School-San Francisco For-profit 31.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Pasadena For-profit 31.5%
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Anaheim Non-profit 31.5%
California Nurses Educational Institute For-profit 31.5%
Angeles Institute For-profit 31.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Temecula For-profit 31.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Modesto For-profit 31.5%
Moreno Valley College Public 31.5%
California Career Institute For-profit 31.5%
Bellus Academy-El Cajon For-profit 31.0%
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Technology For-profit 31.0%
Advanced Career Institute For-profit 31.0%
High Desert Medical College For-profit 31.0%
California Baptist University Non-profit 31.0%
Brandman University Non-profit 31.0%
Cambridge Junior College-Yuba City For-profit 31.0%
San Francisco Institute of Esthetics & Cosmetology Inc For-profit 31.0%
Santa Rosa Junior College Public 30.5%
Asher College For-profit 30.5%
Holy Names University Non-profit 30.5%
Trinity Law School Non-profit 30.5%
University of Antelope Valley For-profit 30.5%
Grossmont College Public 30.0%
University of La Verne Non-profit 30.0%
Cuesta College Public 30.0%
Cypress College Public 30.0%
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles For-profit 30.0%
Hope International University Non-profit 30.0%
Pacific Oaks College Non-profit 30.0%
Saddleback College Public 30.0%
California State University-Bakersfield Public 29.0%
Pima Medical Institute-Chula Vista For-profit 29.0%
Humboldt State University Public 29.0%
Los Angeles Center Non-profit 29.0%
Art Center College of Design Non-profit 28.5%
MTI College For-profit 28.5%
Orange Coast College Public 28.5%
Pacific Union College Non-profit 28.5%
Concorde Career College-North Hollywood For-profit 28.5%
Whittier College Non-profit 28.5%
Bellus Academy-Poway For-profit 28.5%
Premiere Career College For-profit 28.5%
Fresno Pacific University Non-profit 28.0%
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit 28.0%
National Holistic Institute For-profit 28.0%
California State University-San Bernardino Public 27.0%
California State University-Dominguez Hills Public 27.0%
Casa Loma College-Van Nuys Non-profit 27.0%
Laguna College of Art and Design Non-profit 27.0%
Otis College of Art and Design Non-profit 27.0%
University of Redlands Non-profit 27.0%
Diablo Valley College Public 26.5%
Empire College For-profit 26.5%
Federico Beauty Institute For-profit 26.5%
Glendale Community College Public 26.5%
Golden Gate University-San Francisco Non-profit 26.5%
Menlo College Non-profit 26.5%
Concorde Career College-Garden Grove For-profit 26.5%
Pacific College For-profit 26.5%
CBD College Non-profit 26.5%
NTMA Training Centers of Southern California Non-profit 26.5%
Blake Austin College For-profit 26.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-Sherman Oaks For-profit 26.5%
Paul Mitchell the School-East Bay For-profit 26.5%
California College of the Arts Non-profit 26.0%
California Hair Design Academy For-profit 26.0%
Lu Ross Academy For-profit 26.0%
Mills College Non-profit 26.0%
Notre Dame de Namur University Non-profit 26.0%
Vanguard University of Southern California Non-profit 26.0%
Chamberlain University-California For-profit 26.0%
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit 25.0%
California State University-East Bay Public 25.0%
West Coast University-Los Angeles For-profit 25.0%
Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts For-profit 25.0%
California State University-Fresno Public 24.0%
California State University-Sacramento Public 24.0%
Bard College - MAT Program CA Non-profit 24.0%
North-West College-Pomona For-profit 24.0%
San Francisco State University Public 24.0%
William Jessup University Non-profit 24.0%
California State University-Monterey Bay Public 24.0%
Culinary Institute of America at Greystone Non-profit 24.0%
California State University-Stanislaus Public 23.0%
California State University-Chico Public 23.0%
California State University-San Marcos Public 23.0%
California State University-Los Angeles Public 23.0%
Southern California Institute of Technology For-profit 22.5%
University of California-Riverside Public 22.0%
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit 22.0%
North-West College-Van Nuys For-profit 22.0%
California State University-Channel Islands Public 22.0%
California Lutheran University Non-profit 22.0%
California State University-Northridge Public 22.0%
Glendale Career College For-profit 22.0%
North-West College-West Covina For-profit 22.0%
Career Academy of Beauty For-profit 21.5%
Life Pacific University Non-profit 21.5%
Loma Linda University Non-profit 21.5%
Palomar Institute of Cosmetology For-profit 21.5%
Central Coast College For-profit 21.5%
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Public 21.0%
San Diego State University Public 21.0%
Sonoma State University Public 21.0%
Unitek College For-profit 21.0%
Biola University Non-profit 20.0%
California State University-Fullerton Public 20.0%
California State University-Long Beach Public 20.0%
University of California-Santa Cruz Public 20.0%
Chapman University Non-profit 20.0%
Dominican University of California Non-profit 20.0%
Simpson University Non-profit 20.0%
University of California-Merced Public 20.0%
Stanbridge University For-profit 20.0%
Pepperdine University Non-profit 20.0%
University of the Pacific Non-profit 19.0%
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit 19.0%
University of San Francisco Non-profit 19.0%
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit 19.0%
Make-up Designory For-profit 18.5%
Institute of Culinary Education For-profit 18.5%
San Jose State University Public 18.0%
Bethel Seminary-San Diego Non-profit 18.0%
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit 17.0%
California State University Maritime Academy Public 17.0%
Pitzer College Non-profit 17.0%
Brownson Technical School For-profit 16.5%
Unitek College For-profit 16.5%
University of California-Santa Barbara Public 16.0%
University of San Diego Non-profit 16.0%
University of Southern California Non-profit 16.0%
University of California-Irvine Public 15.0%
University of California-Los Angeles Public 15.0%
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Non-profit 13.5%
Occidental College Non-profit 13.5%
University of California-Berkeley Public 13.0%
University of California-San Diego Public 13.0%
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo Public 12.0%
University of California-Davis Public 12.0%
The Master’s University and Seminary Non-profit 11.5%
Westmont College Non-profit 11.5%
Stanford University Non-profit 11.5%
Santa Clara University Non-profit 9.0%
Harvey Mudd College Non-profit 7.5%
Samuel Merritt University Non-profit 7.5%
Associated Technical College-San Diego For-profit NA
Moler Barber College For-profit NA

Table 9: Parent PLUS

California institutions by share of Parent PLUS borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment
Institution name Control of institution Estimated share of Parent PLUS borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment
UEI College-Fresno For-profit 36.5%
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit 36.5%
United Education Institute-Huntington Park Campus For-profit 36.5%
Ashford University For-profit 36.5%
Los Angeles Film School For-profit 36.5%
University of Phoenix-California For-profit 35.0%
Culinary Institute of America at Greystone Non-profit 32.5%
FIDM-Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising-Los Angeles For-profit 32.0%
California College of the Arts Non-profit 31.5%
Columbia College Hollywood Non-profit 31.5%
Musicians Institute For-profit 31.5%
Notre Dame de Namur University Non-profit 31.5%
Otis College of Art and Design Non-profit 31.5%
Whittier College Non-profit 31.5%
American Career College-Ontario For-profit 31.5%
Academy of Art University For-profit 30.0%
California Baptist University Non-profit 30.0%
West Coast University-Los Angeles For-profit 30.0%
DeVry University-California For-profit 29.0%
California State University-Fullerton Public 27.0%
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit 27.0%
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit 27.0%
University of Redlands Non-profit 27.0%
Santa Clara University Non-profit 27.0%
Vanguard University of Southern California Non-profit 27.0%
Woodbury University Non-profit 27.0%
University of La Verne Non-profit 26.5%
La Sierra University Non-profit 26.5%
California Lutheran University Non-profit 26.0%
University of Southern California Non-profit 25.0%
University of San Diego Non-profit 24.0%
Chamberlain University-California For-profit 24.0%
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit 23.5%
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Public 22.0%
California State University-Chico Public 22.0%
California State University-East Bay Public 22.0%
California State University-Long Beach Public 22.0%
Humboldt State University Public 22.0%
Bethel Seminary-San Diego Non-profit 22.0%
Universal Technical Institute of California Inc For-profit 22.0%
Biola University Non-profit 22.0%
University of the Pacific Non-profit 22.0%
San Francisco State University Public 22.0%
University of San Francisco Non-profit 22.0%
San Joaquin Valley College-Visalia For-profit 22.0%
UEI College-Gardena For-profit 22.0%
Universal Technical Institute of Northern California Inc For-profit 22.0%
California State University-San Bernardino Public 21.5%
Pepperdine University Non-profit 21.5%
Make-up Designory For-profit 21.5%
American Career College-Los Angeles For-profit 20.5%
California State University-Sacramento Public 20.0%
Carrington College-Sacramento For-profit 20.0%
Pima Medical Institute-Chula Vista For-profit 20.0%
University of California-Riverside Public 19.0%
University of California-Santa Barbara Public 19.0%
University of California-Merced Public 18.0%
University of California-Los Angeles Public 18.0%
University of California-Santa Cruz Public 18.0%
Chapman University Non-profit 17.5%
California State University-Stanislaus Public 17.0%
California State University-Northridge Public 17.0%
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit 17.0%
California State University-Monterey Bay Public 17.0%
California State University-Channel Islands Public 17.0%
Unitek College For-profit 17.0%
Bard College - MAT Program CA Non-profit 17.0%
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit 16.0%
San Diego State University Public 16.0%
University of California-Berkeley Public 14.0%
University of California-Irvine Public 14.0%
San Jose State University Public 14.0%
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo Public 14.0%
Sonoma State University Public 13.5%
University of California-Davis Public 13.0%
University of California-San Diego Public 12.0%

Table 9: Grad PLUS

California institutions by share of Grad PLUS borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment
Institution name Control of institution Estimated share of Grad PLUS borrowers who are in default, delinquent, or not making progress three years into repayment
California College of the Arts Non-profit 47.0%
Pacifica Graduate Institute For-profit 47.0%
Life Chiropractic College West Non-profit 47.0%
Southern California University of Health Sciences Non-profit 47.0%
Notre Dame de Namur University Non-profit 47.0%
Palo Alto University Non-profit 47.0%
Pacific College of Health and Science For-profit 47.0%
Ashford University For-profit 44.0%
California Baptist University Non-profit 43.0%
University of Phoenix-California For-profit 42.0%
Academy of Art University For-profit 42.0%
Azusa Pacific University Non-profit 42.0%
University of La Verne Non-profit 41.0%
University of San Francisco Non-profit 41.0%
California State University-San Bernardino Public 40.0%
DeVry University-California For-profit 40.0%
National University Non-profit 39.0%
Pepperdine University Non-profit 39.0%
Brandman University Non-profit 39.0%
California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Public 38.0%
Fresno Pacific University Non-profit 38.0%
University of Redlands Non-profit 38.0%
San Diego State University Public 38.0%
Trinity Law School Non-profit 38.0%
Columbia College - Los Alamitos Non-profit 38.0%
California State University-Long Beach Public 37.0%
California State University-Los Angeles Public 37.0%
California State University-Northridge Public 37.0%
University of California-Davis Public 37.0%
University of California-Irvine Public 37.0%
Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Non-profit 37.0%
Dominican University of California Non-profit 37.0%
Fielding Graduate University Non-profit 37.0%
Humboldt State University Public 37.0%
Saybrook University Non-profit 37.0%
Sonoma State University Public 37.0%
California State University-Monterey Bay Public 37.0%
Northcentral University Non-profit 37.0%
Relay Graduate School of Education - California Non-profit 36.5%
California State University-Stanislaus Public 36.0%
California State University-Sacramento Public 36.0%
Bethel Seminary-San Diego Non-profit 36.0%
Samuel Merritt University Non-profit 35.5%
California State University-East Bay Public 35.0%
San Francisco State University Public 35.0%
California State University-Fresno Public 34.0%
University of California-Los Angeles Public 33.0%
Trident University International For-profit 33.0%
San Jose State University Public 33.0%
Biola University Non-profit 32.0%
California State University-Dominguez Hills Public 32.0%
University of California-San Francisco Public 32.0%
University of California-Santa Cruz Public 32.0%
Saint Mary’s College of California Non-profit 32.0%
Marshall B Ketchum University Non-profit 32.0%
University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences For-profit 32.0%
West Coast University-Los Angeles For-profit 32.0%
Touro University Worldwide Non-profit 32.0%
University of California-San Diego Public 31.0%
University of California-Berkeley Public 30.0%
Chamberlain University-California For-profit 30.0%
California State University-Fullerton Public 29.0%
University of California-Santa Barbara Public 27.5%
Concordia University-Irvine Non-profit 27.0%
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo Public 23.5%
Stanford University Non-profit 17.0%
California Institute of Integral Studies Non-profit NA
University of California-Hastings College of Law Public NA
California Lutheran University Non-profit NA
Alliant International University-San Diego For-profit NA
California State University-Bakersfield Public NA
California State University-Chico Public NA
University of California-Riverside Public NA
California Institute of the Arts Non-profit NA
California Western School of Law Non-profit NA
Chapman University Non-profit NA
Claremont Graduate University Non-profit NA
Western University of Health Sciences Non-profit NA
Fuller Theological Seminary Non-profit NA
Golden Gate University-San Francisco Non-profit NA
Holy Names University Non-profit NA
John F. Kennedy University Non-profit NA
Loma Linda University Non-profit NA
Loyola Marymount University Non-profit NA
Mills College Non-profit NA
Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Non-profit NA
Mount Saint Mary’s University Non-profit NA
Hope International University Non-profit NA
Pacific Oaks College Non-profit NA
University of the Pacific Non-profit NA
Point Loma Nazarene University Non-profit NA
University of San Diego Non-profit NA
Santa Clara University Non-profit NA
South Baylo University Non-profit NA
University of Southern California Non-profit NA
Southwestern Law School Non-profit NA
Whittier College Non-profit NA
Thomas Jefferson School of Law Non-profit NA
Antioch University-Los Angeles Non-profit NA
California State University-San Marcos Public NA
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology at Anaheim Non-profit NA
Touro University California Non-profit NA
Bard College - MAT Program CA Non-profit NA
Los Angeles Center Non-profit NA

Data source and notes

Minimum 200 borrowers per institution in the ten-year repayment cohort. This does not include those in forbearance or deferment.


(Summary text here)

Debt vs earnings for student loan borrowers

4-digit CIPs and award levels by debt compared to earnings in California
Area of study Credential level Estimated median debt Estimated median earnings, 1 year after completing program Ratio of debt to earnings
Chiropractic. First Professional Degree $197,802 $32,415 6.10
Osteopathic Medicine/Osteopathy. First Professional Degree $314,806 $55,654 5.66
Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems. Master’s Degree $113,095 $22,402 5.05
Podiatric Medicine/Podiatry. First Professional Degree $238,643 $52,704 4.53
Film/Video and Photographic Arts. Master’s Degree $129,204 $30,118 4.29
Veterinary Medicine. First Professional Degree $296,776 $77,382 3.84
Dentistry. First Professional Degree $357,599 $98,283 3.64
Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems. Doctoral Degree $122,280 $34,924 3.50
Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft. Master’s Degree $100,198 $29,255 3.43
Psychology, Other. Doctoral Degree $177,386 $57,067 3.11
Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology. Doctoral Degree $199,847 $64,760 3.09
Religion/Religious Studies. Doctoral Degree $105,517 $36,208 2.91
Medicine. First Professional Degree $174,170 $60,645 2.87
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other. Doctoral Degree $134,660 $48,533 2.77
Visual and Performing Arts, General. Master’s Degree $82,872 $29,959 2.77
Optometry. First Professional Degree $190,950 $72,810 2.62
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration. Doctoral Degree $293,115 $113,547 2.58
Design and Applied Arts. Master’s Degree $108,977 $43,701 2.49
Fine and Studio Arts. Master’s Degree $75,606 $31,556 2.40
Library Science and Administration. Master’s Degree $95,603 $42,614 2.24
Advanced/Graduate Dentistry and Oral Sciences. Graduate/Professional Certificate $255,235 $114,327 2.23
Special Education and Teaching. Graduate/Professional Certificate $105,511 $48,557 2.17
Music. Master’s Degree $48,437 $23,182 2.09
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration. First Professional Degree $217,598 $105,327 2.07
Law. First Professional Degree $157,870 $78,841 2.00
Architectural Sciences and Technology. Master’s Degree $118,023 $62,067 1.90
Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions. First Professional Degree $148,981 $78,557 1.90
Psychology, General. Doctoral Degree $125,376 $69,463 1.80
Music. Doctoral Degree $61,050 $36,397 1.68
Education, Other. Master’s Degree $68,798 $42,155 1.63
Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians. Master’s Degree $94,609 $58,262 1.62
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other. Master’s Degree $74,028 $46,690 1.59
Educational/Instructional Media Design. Doctoral Degree $111,500 $74,008 1.51
Human Resources Management and Services. Doctoral Degree $124,298 $82,913 1.50
Arts, Entertainment,and Media Management. Bachelors Degree $37,061 $24,864 1.49
Dispute Resolution. Master’s Degree $60,894 $41,371 1.47
Social Work. Master’s Degree $79,646 $54,223 1.47
Mental and Social Health Services and Allied Professions. Master’s Degree $70,224 $47,922 1.47
Computer Software and Media Applications. Master’s Degree $77,405 $55,653 1.39
Computer Software and Media Applications. Associate’s Degree $36,632 $27,112 1.35
Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language. Master’s Degree $56,188 $42,186 1.33
Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions. Master’s Degree $151,933 $115,018 1.32
Legal Research and Advanced Professional Studies. Graduate/Professional Certificate $75,288 $57,225 1.32
Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology. Master’s Degree $66,466 $50,731 1.31
Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions. Master’s Degree $90,742 $71,234 1.27
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas. Master’s Degree $66,034 $52,140 1.27
Rhetoric and Composition/Writing Studies. Master’s Degree $44,760 $35,393 1.26
Behavioral Sciences. Bachelors Degree $40,191 $31,959 1.26
International Business. Master’s Degree $81,833 $65,380 1.25
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods. Associate’s Degree $26,371 $21,122 1.25
Health/Medical Preparatory Programs. Graduate/Professional Certificate $27,000 $21,650 1.25
Human Services, General. Bachelors Degree $41,283 $33,116 1.25
Public Policy Analysis. Graduate/Professional Certificate $78,981 $63,791 1.24
Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services. Master’s Degree $70,167 $56,926 1.23
Mental and Social Health Services and Allied Professions. Bachelors Degree $36,248 $29,411 1.23
Ecology, Evolution, Systematics, and Population Biology. Master’s Degree $29,916 $24,410 1.23
Legal Professions and Studies, Other. Bachelors Degree $31,417 $25,776 1.22
Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Other. Master’s Degree $148,099 $121,903 1.21
Gerontology. Master’s Degree $61,500 $50,914 1.21
Legal Professions and Studies, Other. Graduate/Professional Certificate $95,443 $79,420 1.20
Linguistic, Comparative, and Related Language Studies and Services. Master’s Degree $68,951 $57,928 1.19
Library Science, Other. Master’s Degree $56,347 $47,582 1.18
Film/Video and Photographic Arts. Associate’s Degree $25,910 $21,945 1.18
Sustainability Studies. Bachelors Degree $20,452 $17,395 1.18
Journalism. Master’s Degree $44,618 $37,963 1.18
Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems. Bachelors Degree $33,500 $28,875 1.16
Intercultural/Multicultural and Diversity Studies. Bachelors Degree $23,000 $20,116 1.14
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Graduate/Professional Certificate $84,134 $74,136 1.13
Library Science and Administration. Bachelors Degree $29,350 $26,165 1.12
Public Health. Master’s Degree $62,437 $55,668 1.12
Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries. Master’s Degree $48,437 $43,403 1.12
Dance. Bachelors Degree $22,511 $20,220 1.11
Psychology, Other. Master’s Degree $43,975 $39,686 1.11
Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General. Master’s Degree $42,920 $39,111 1.10
Psychology, General. Master’s Degree $45,771 $41,761 1.10
Natural Sciences. Bachelors Degree $24,000 $21,994 1.09
International Relations and National Security Studies. Master’s Degree $65,817 $60,939 1.08
Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution. Master’s Degree $55,473 $52,055 1.07
Somatic Bodywork and Related Therapeutic Services. Associate’s Degree $23,937 $22,585 1.06
Bible/Biblical Studies. Bachelors Degree $26,357 $24,954 1.06
Psychology, Other. Bachelors Degree $24,080 $22,899 1.05
Bible/Biblical Studies. Master’s Degree $44,062 $42,078 1.05
Education, General. Doctoral Degree $74,380 $71,043 1.05
Theological and Ministerial Studies. Master’s Degree $45,400 $43,474 1.04
Audiovisual Communications Technologies/Technicians. Associate’s Degree $20,000 $19,200 1.04
Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication. Master’s Degree $50,837 $49,115 1.04
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Bachelors Degree $39,189 $37,971 1.03
Music. Associate’s Degree $21,003 $20,360 1.03
Public Policy Analysis. Master’s Degree $56,854 $55,744 1.02
Communication and Media Studies. Master’s Degree $59,173 $58,244 1.02
Sustainability Studies. Master’s Degree $68,368 $69,335 0.99
Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians. Bachelors Degree $43,500 $44,238 0.98
Human Development, Family Studies, and Related Services. Master’s Degree $44,464 $45,377 0.98
Music. Bachelors Degree $20,190 $20,696 0.98
Museology/Museum Studies. Master’s Degree $46,296 $47,608 0.97
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Doctoral Degree $81,803 $84,358 0.97
Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems. First Professional Degree $32,690 $33,828 0.97
Legal Research and Advanced Professional Studies. Master’s Degree $78,879 $81,794 0.96
Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations. Master’s Degree $54,696 $56,947 0.96
Electromechanical Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/Technicians. Bachelors Degree $50,304 $52,602 0.96
Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Other. Bachelors Degree $20,479 $21,944 0.93
Graphic Communications. Bachelors Degree $28,438 $30,478 0.93
City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning. Master’s Degree $54,847 $58,798 0.93
History. Master’s Degree $31,056 $33,638 0.92
Human Resources Management and Services. Graduate/Professional Certificate $42,399 $46,095 0.92
Marketing. Graduate/Professional Certificate $104,234 $113,473 0.92
Religious Education. Bachelors Degree $24,409 $26,709 0.91
Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, General. Bachelors Degree $32,385 $35,518 0.91
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Associate’s Degree $23,965 $26,606 0.90
Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations. Bachelors Degree $30,569 $34,205 0.89
Marketing. Master’s Degree $41,000 $45,923 0.89
Educational Administration and Supervision. Doctoral Degree $89,288 $100,655 0.89
Computer Software and Media Applications. Bachelors Degree $36,804 $41,580 0.89
Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology. Master’s Degree $37,688 $42,597 0.88
Dispute Resolution. Graduate/Professional Certificate $60,455 $68,397 0.88
Student Counseling and Personnel Services. Master’s Degree $47,212 $53,590 0.88
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods. Bachelors Degree $27,694 $31,482 0.88
Human Resources Management and Services. Bachelors Degree $40,392 $45,930 0.88
Computer Systems Analysis. Bachelors Degree $42,711 $48,575 0.88
Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Management. Bachelors Degree $25,614 $29,135 0.88
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Associate’s Degree $26,529 $30,362 0.87
Film/Video and Photographic Arts. Bachelors Degree $23,156 $26,619 0.87
Specialized Sales, Merchandising and Marketing Operations. Bachelors Degree $38,750 $44,653 0.87
Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries. Bachelors Degree $22,340 $25,871 0.86
Botany/Plant Biology. Bachelors Degree $21,500 $25,191 0.85
Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions. Associate’s Degree $20,000 $23,439 0.85
Education, General. Bachelors Degree $23,916 $28,081 0.85
Computer Engineering Technologies/Technicians. Bachelors Degree $45,479 $53,564 0.85
Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft. Bachelors Degree $19,579 $23,182 0.84
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas. Bachelors Degree $21,856 $26,197 0.83
Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications. Bachelors Degree $42,799 $51,467 0.83
Visual and Performing Arts, General. Bachelors Degree $24,317 $29,497 0.82
English Language and Literature/Letters, Other. Bachelors Degree $19,527 $23,736 0.82
Computer Programming. Bachelors Degree $42,176 $51,361 0.82
Business/Commerce, General. Master’s Degree $76,903 $93,688 0.82
Natural Resources Conservation and Research. Master’s Degree $44,573 $54,410 0.82
Theological and Ministerial Studies. Bachelors Degree $24,042 $29,366 0.82
Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences. Bachelors Degree $18,678 $23,129 0.81
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Graduate/Professional Certificate $58,792 $72,816 0.81
Religion/Religious Studies. Bachelors Degree $20,236 $25,135 0.81
International/Global Studies. Master’s Degree $26,896 $33,510 0.80
Medical Clinical Sciences/Graduate Medical Studies. Master’s Degree $58,146 $72,506 0.80
Accounting and Related Services. Graduate/Professional Certificate $46,113 $58,051 0.79
Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management. Bachelors Degree $18,831 $23,719 0.79
Culinary Arts and Related Services. Associate’s Degree $17,292 $21,840 0.79
Social Sciences, Other. Master’s Degree $35,500 $45,696 0.78
Zoology/Animal Biology. Bachelors Degree $18,577 $23,919 0.78
Communication Disorders Sciences and Services. Master’s Degree $52,004 $68,899 0.75
Real Estate Development. Master’s Degree $90,242 $119,991 0.75
Human Resources Management and Services. Master’s Degree $43,411 $57,927 0.75
Criminal Justice and Corrections. Bachelors Degree $27,177 $36,420 0.75
Business Operations Support and Assistant Services. Associate’s Degree $19,666 $26,478 0.74
Geography and Cartography. Graduate/Professional Certificate $41,000 $55,848 0.73
Fine and Studio Arts. Bachelors Degree $18,055 $24,763 0.73
Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology. Bachelors Degree $21,493 $29,484 0.73
Biological and Physical Sciences. Master’s Degree $50,500 $69,968 0.72
Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs, Other. Bachelors Degree $24,132 $33,991 0.71
English Language and Literature, General. Bachelors Degree $18,995 $26,793 0.71
Criminal Justice and Corrections. Master’s Degree $36,794 $52,003 0.71
Electrical Engineering Technologies/Technicians. Bachelors Degree $43,022 $60,996 0.71
Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Other. Bachelors Degree $28,720 $40,901 0.70
Rhetoric and Composition/Writing Studies. Bachelors Degree $18,493 $26,389 0.70
Philosophy and Religious Studies, Other. Master’s Degree $42,853 $61,522 0.70
Public Policy Analysis. Bachelors Degree $19,487 $28,053 0.69
Biology, General. Master’s Degree $24,372 $35,103 0.69
Education, General. Graduate/Professional Certificate $33,967 $49,065 0.69
Human Development, Family Studies, and Related Services. Bachelors Degree $20,737 $30,453 0.68
Special Education and Teaching. Master’s Degree $41,356 $60,766 0.68
Design and Applied Arts. Bachelors Degree $23,989 $35,279 0.68
Criminal Justice and Corrections. Associate’s Degree $18,976 $27,937 0.68
Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications. Associate’s Degree $27,625 $41,145 0.67
Finance and Financial Management Services. Master’s Degree $41,169 $61,532 0.67
Ecology, Evolution, Systematics, and Population Biology. Bachelors Degree $18,011 $26,945 0.67
Accounting and Related Services. Master’s Degree $38,121 $57,167 0.67
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Master’s Degree $41,516 $62,282 0.67
English Language and Literature, General. Master’s Degree $31,037 $46,873 0.66
Marketing. Associate’s Degree $18,633 $28,231 0.66
Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education. Master’s Degree $30,609 $46,572 0.66
Health and Physical Education/Fitness. Bachelors Degree $17,781 $27,059 0.66
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods. Master’s Degree $32,524 $49,522 0.66
Management Information Systems and Services. Master’s Degree $42,807 $65,768 0.65
Business/Commerce, General. Bachelors Degree $31,693 $48,840 0.65
Education, General. Master’s Degree $35,581 $54,989 0.65
Design and Applied Arts. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $35,500 $54,897 0.65
Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology. Graduate/Professional Certificate $35,222 $54,803 0.64
Biomedical/Medical Engineering. Master’s Degree $52,033 $81,106 0.64
Biology, General. Bachelors Degree $18,139 $28,321 0.64
Accounting and Related Services. Bachelors Degree $32,324 $50,730 0.64
Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services. Associate’s Degree $22,424 $35,286 0.64
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Master’s Degree $46,861 $73,964 0.63
Construction Management. Master’s Degree $34,167 $54,148 0.63
Apparel and Textiles. Associate’s Degree $14,000 $22,239 0.63
Psychology, General. Bachelors Degree $17,751 $28,205 0.63
Social Sciences, General. Bachelors Degree $18,619 $29,593 0.63
Communication Disorders Sciences and Services. Bachelors Degree $16,789 $26,716 0.63
Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management. Bachelors Degree $33,621 $53,689 0.63
Health and Physical Education/Fitness. Master’s Degree $30,640 $49,534 0.62
Anthropology. Bachelors Degree $16,667 $27,034 0.62
Public Administration. Master’s Degree $38,754 $63,269 0.61
Criminology. Master’s Degree $34,500 $56,448 0.61
Linguistic, Comparative, and Related Language Studies and Services. Bachelors Degree $15,982 $26,150 0.61
Journalism. Bachelors Degree $19,600 $32,235 0.61
History. Bachelors Degree $16,370 $26,927 0.61
Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications. Master’s Degree $41,749 $68,726 0.61
Geography and Cartography. Master’s Degree $35,909 $59,703 0.60
Neurobiology and Neurosciences. Bachelors Degree $16,418 $27,374 0.60
Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities. Bachelors Degree $17,021 $28,442 0.60
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing. Graduate/Professional Certificate $66,875 $111,802 0.60
Radio, Television, and Digital Communication. Bachelors Degree $15,996 $26,843 0.60
Business/Managerial Economics. Master’s Degree $41,000 $68,948 0.59
Ethnic, Cultural Minority, Gender, and Group Studies. Bachelors Degree $16,608 $28,089 0.59
Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management. Associate’s Degree $21,011 $35,644 0.59
Architectural Sciences and Technology. Bachelors Degree $31,198 $53,003 0.59
Forestry. Bachelors Degree $22,884 $38,984 0.59
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing. Master’s Degree $64,289 $110,032 0.58
Computer and Information Sciences, General. Bachelors Degree $29,576 $51,002 0.58
Management Information Systems and Services. Bachelors Degree $33,233 $57,558 0.58
Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications. Graduate/Professional Certificate $35,319 $61,444 0.57
Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research. Master’s Degree $30,726 $53,511 0.57
Natural Resources Conservation and Research. Bachelors Degree $19,764 $34,496 0.57
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Bachelors Degree $26,856 $47,034 0.57
Electrical Engineering Technologies/Technicians. Associate’s Degree $27,137 $48,281 0.56
Gerontology. Bachelors Degree $18,000 $32,043 0.56
Apparel and Textiles. Bachelors Degree $19,547 $34,936 0.56
Area Studies. Bachelors Degree $16,502 $29,738 0.55
Marketing. Bachelors Degree $24,771 $44,954 0.55
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration. Bachelors Degree $14,630 $26,801 0.55
Animal Sciences. Bachelors Degree $16,499 $30,333 0.54
Marine Sciences. Bachelors Degree $15,000 $27,607 0.54
Nutrition Sciences. Bachelors Degree $16,104 $29,701 0.54
Criminology. Bachelors Degree $16,317 $30,125 0.54
Homeland Security. Bachelors Degree $30,035 $55,506 0.54
Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services, Other. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $17,583 0.54
Design and Applied Arts. Associate’s Degree $13,517 $25,118 0.54
Architecture. Bachelors Degree $28,495 $52,960 0.54
Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences. Bachelors Degree $19,323 $35,986 0.54
Research and Experimental Psychology. Bachelors Degree $14,916 $28,013 0.53
Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication. Bachelors Degree $22,994 $43,329 0.53
Real Estate. Bachelors Degree $27,426 $52,087 0.53
Community Organization and Advocacy. Bachelors Degree $15,500 $29,789 0.52
Public Health. Bachelors Degree $17,366 $33,415 0.52
Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General. Associate’s Degree $14,708 $28,354 0.52
Philosophy. Bachelors Degree $14,474 $27,980 0.52
Medical Illustration and Informatics. Master’s Degree $42,418 $82,562 0.51
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing. Doctoral Degree $65,057 $127,406 0.51
Education, Other. Bachelors Degree $15,345 $30,244 0.51
Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics. Bachelors Degree $14,857 $29,342 0.51
Public Administration. Bachelors Degree $21,821 $43,123 0.51
Computer and Information Sciences, General. Master’s Degree $35,256 $69,966 0.50
Political Science and Government. Bachelors Degree $16,534 $32,881 0.50
Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions. Doctoral Degree $28,655 $57,044 0.50
Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General. Bachelors Degree $15,370 $30,681 0.50
Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology. Bachelors Degree $16,500 $32,988 0.50
Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician (HAC, HACR, HVAC, HVACR). Associate’s Degree $18,083 $36,355 0.50
Sociology. Bachelors Degree $15,354 $30,956 0.50
Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $18,058 $36,427 0.50
Taxation. Master’s Degree $42,359 $85,559 0.50
Business/Corporate Communications. Bachelors Degree $20,144 $40,837 0.49
Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft. Associate’s Degree $8,639 $17,536 0.49
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other. Bachelors Degree $16,013 $32,941 0.49
Educational/Instructional Media Design. Bachelors Degree $28,906 $59,651 0.48
Social Sciences, General. Associate’s Degree $11,300 $23,347 0.48
Natural Resources Management and Policy. Bachelors Degree $15,000 $31,009 0.48
Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies. Bachelors Degree $17,032 $35,228 0.48
Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions. Associate’s Degree $23,842 $49,512 0.48
Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management. Master’s Degree $37,250 $77,429 0.48
Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences. Bachelors Degree $15,559 $32,484 0.48
Film/Video and Photographic Arts. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,450 $19,754 0.48
Biotechnology. Master’s Degree $36,831 $77,178 0.48
Homeland Security. Master’s Degree $29,342 $61,606 0.48
Non-Professional General Legal Studies (Undergraduate). Bachelors Degree $18,169 $38,279 0.47
Communication and Media Studies. Bachelors Degree $17,252 $36,454 0.47
Agricultural Production Operations. Bachelors Degree $17,660 $37,494 0.47
Physics. Bachelors Degree $18,159 $38,882 0.47
Landscape Architecture. Bachelors Degree $20,981 $44,961 0.47
Practical Nursing, Vocational Nursing and Nursing Assistants. Associate’s Degree $20,478 $43,927 0.47
Agriculture, General. Bachelors Degree $21,903 $47,178 0.46
Mechanical Engineering. Master’s Degree $45,120 $97,259 0.46
Cosmetology and Related Personal Grooming Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,161 $17,608 0.46
Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General. Bachelors Degree $17,026 $36,753 0.46
Veterinary Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $20,662 0.46
International Business. Bachelors Degree $21,111 $46,157 0.46
Business Operations Support and Assistant Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,342 $20,466 0.46
Social Work. Bachelors Degree $15,599 $34,183 0.46
Microbiological Sciences and Immunology. Bachelors Degree $15,447 $33,884 0.46
Engineering-Related Fields. Bachelors Degree $26,960 $59,492 0.45
Computer and Information Sciences, General. Associate’s Degree $19,000 $42,317 0.45
International Relations and National Security Studies. Bachelors Degree $15,770 $35,375 0.45
Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering. Master’s Degree $44,168 $99,666 0.44
Somatic Bodywork and Related Therapeutic Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,406 $21,261 0.44
Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Technologies. Associate’s Degree $17,561 $39,700 0.44
Chemistry. Bachelors Degree $16,773 $38,354 0.44
Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering. Bachelors Degree $22,711 $52,053 0.44
Mathematics. Bachelors Degree $15,953 $36,612 0.44
Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions. Bachelors Degree $12,415 $28,819 0.43
Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Technologies. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $15,300 $35,815 0.43
Finance and Financial Management Services. Bachelors Degree $22,550 $53,026 0.43
Urban Studies/Affairs. Bachelors Degree $16,104 $38,026 0.42
Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/Technicians. Bachelors Degree $31,152 $74,199 0.42
Legal Support Services. Graduate/Professional Certificate $18,090 $43,136 0.42
Graphic Communications. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $28,332 $67,897 0.42
International/Global Studies. Bachelors Degree $15,138 $36,315 0.42
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods. Master’s Degree $41,797 $100,525 0.42
Educational Administration and Supervision. Master’s Degree $28,975 $70,136 0.41
Dental Support Services and Allied Professions. Associate’s Degree $27,323 $66,175 0.41
Electrical/Electronics Maintenance and Repair Technology. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $23,252 0.41
Pharmacology and Toxicology. Bachelors Degree $17,718 $43,438 0.41
East Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics. Bachelors Degree $13,365 $32,900 0.41
Hospitality Administration/Management. Bachelors Degree $15,554 $38,358 0.41
Theology and Religious Vocations, Other. Master’s Degree $17,983 $44,388 0.41
Biomathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology. Bachelors Degree $19,600 $48,470 0.40
Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution. Bachelors Degree $14,910 $37,358 0.40
Dental Support Services and Allied Professions. Bachelors Degree $28,046 $70,289 0.40
Dental Support Services and Allied Professions. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,144 $22,948 0.40
Manufacturing Engineering. Bachelors Degree $25,401 $63,805 0.40
Practical Nursing, Vocational Nursing and Nursing Assistants. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $17,387 $43,682 0.40
Health and Physical Education/Fitness. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $23,937 0.40
Specialized Sales, Merchandising and Marketing Operations. Associate’s Degree $12,000 $30,281 0.40
Genetics. Bachelors Degree $13,000 $33,038 0.39
Movement and Mind-Body Therapies and Education. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $24,397 0.39
Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $5,500 $14,186 0.39
Criminal Justice and Corrections. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,311 $24,141 0.39
Accounting and Related Services. Associate’s Degree $13,194 $34,285 0.38
Human Biology. Bachelors Degree $13,046 $33,962 0.38
Food Science and Technology. Bachelors Degree $16,815 $43,998 0.38
Computer Science. Master’s Degree $38,591 $101,195 0.38
Biomedical/Medical Engineering. Bachelors Degree $19,442 $51,324 0.38
Clinical/Medical Laboratory Science/Research and Allied Professions. Bachelors Degree $22,198 $59,024 0.38
Biotechnology. Bachelors Degree $14,256 $38,123 0.37
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,156 $24,557 0.37
Curriculum and Instruction. Master’s Degree $28,041 $75,979 0.37
Geography and Cartography. Bachelors Degree $13,180 $36,455 0.36
Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,896 $24,713 0.36
Marine Transportation. Bachelors Degree $26,949 $75,128 0.36
Cognitive Science. Bachelors Degree $16,296 $45,972 0.35
Business/Managerial Economics. Bachelors Degree $16,174 $45,957 0.35
Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other. Master’s Degree $47,500 $135,775 0.35
Civil Engineering. Master’s Degree $26,431 $76,467 0.35
Plant Sciences. Bachelors Degree $16,538 $47,950 0.34
Marketing. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $14,068 $40,811 0.34
Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions. Bachelors Degree $22,822 $67,126 0.34
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods. Bachelors Degree $17,476 $51,552 0.34
Agricultural Business and Management. Bachelors Degree $16,016 $47,312 0.34
Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities. Associate’s Degree $9,231 $27,308 0.34
Statistics. Bachelors Degree $17,184 $50,897 0.34
Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering. Bachelors Degree $22,038 $65,371 0.34
City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning. Bachelors Degree $15,900 $48,123 0.33
Construction Management. Associate’s Degree $19,697 $59,937 0.33
Health Aides/Attendants/Orderlies. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,000 $27,488 0.33
Industrial Engineering. Bachelors Degree $22,473 $69,039 0.33
Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering. Master’s Degree $34,195 $107,333 0.32
Social Sciences, Other. Bachelors Degree $15,681 $49,557 0.32
Ophthalmic and Optometric Support Services and Allied Professions. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $30,030 0.32
Architectural Engineering. Bachelors Degree $21,889 $69,509 0.31
Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians. Bachelors Degree $16,233 $51,672 0.31
Chemical Engineering. Bachelors Degree $17,628 $56,125 0.31
Economics. Bachelors Degree $15,261 $48,718 0.31
Engineering, Other. Bachelors Degree $18,233 $58,406 0.31
Health and Physical Education/Fitness. Associate’s Degree $10,625 $35,837 0.30
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing. Bachelors Degree $23,996 $81,480 0.29
Biological and Physical Sciences. Associate’s Degree $8,000 $27,551 0.29
Mechanical Engineering. Bachelors Degree $18,502 $64,449 0.29
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing. First Professional Degree $30,096 $105,127 0.29
Civil Engineering. Bachelors Degree $18,304 $64,467 0.28
Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician (HAC, HACR, HVAC, HVACR). Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,425 $33,346 0.28
Computer Engineering. Master’s Degree $27,759 $99,985 0.28
Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering. Master’s Degree $21,947 $80,029 0.27
Real Estate Development. Bachelors Degree $16,500 $60,983 0.27
Culinary Arts and Related Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $7,403 $27,636 0.27
Educational/Instructional Media Design. Master’s Degree $20,954 $78,439 0.27
Applied Mathematics. Bachelors Degree $14,487 $54,522 0.27
Electrical and Power Transmission Installers. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,645 $36,684 0.26
Construction Management. Bachelors Degree $21,980 $83,616 0.26
Computer Engineering. Bachelors Degree $19,442 $74,272 0.26
Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering. Bachelors Degree $19,720 $75,462 0.26
Mathematics and Computer Science. Bachelors Degree $18,820 $73,666 0.26
Fire Protection. Bachelors Degree $10,738 $43,069 0.25
Fine and Studio Arts. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,233 $34,031 0.24
Materials Engineering Bachelors Degree $14,252 $59,434 0.24
Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $6,051 $25,247 0.24
Precision Metal Working. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,042 $33,614 0.24
Agricultural Engineering. Bachelors Degree $16,114 $67,924 0.24
Computer Science. Bachelors Degree $17,110 $72,313 0.24
Computer Systems Analysis. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,816 $37,997 0.23
Biological/Biosystems Engineering. Bachelors Degree $14,933 $64,592 0.23
Construction Engineering Technologies. Bachelors Degree $18,206 $78,881 0.23
Accounting and Related Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $4,954 $21,607 0.23
Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,433 $38,351 0.22
Computer and Information Sciences, General. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,866 $40,790 0.22
Mental and Social Health Services and Allied Professions. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $12,503 $58,925 0.21
Engineering, General. Bachelors Degree $16,228 $76,919 0.21
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing. Associate’s Degree $16,902 $80,397 0.21
Electromechanical Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/Technicians. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $45,872 0.21
Heavy/Industrial Equipment Maintenance Technologies. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $48,389 0.20
Human Resources Management and Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $7,553 $40,140 0.19
Ground Transportation. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $6,345 $35,198 0.18
Clinical/Medical Laboratory Science/Research and Allied Professions. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $4,450 $28,136 0.16
Computer Programming. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $7,125 $47,265 0.15
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $7,125 $52,726 0.14

Debt vs earnings for for student loan borrowers who received Pell

4-digit CIPs and award levels by debt compared to earnings in California
Area of study Credential level Estimated median debt for Pell recipients Estimated median earnings for Pell recipeints, 1 year after completing program Ratio of debt to earnings for Pell recipients
Chiropractic. First Professional Degree $204,715 $30,019 6.82
Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft. Master’s Degree $96,676 $15,819 6.11
Osteopathic Medicine/Osteopathy. First Professional Degree $327,955 $55,045 5.96
Podiatric Medicine/Podiatry. First Professional Degree $249,482 $52,227 4.78
Film/Video and Photographic Arts. Master’s Degree $145,159 $31,825 4.56
Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems. Master’s Degree $116,022 $25,624 4.53
Dentistry. First Professional Degree $370,510 $94,953 3.90
Veterinary Medicine. First Professional Degree $307,253 $79,815 3.85
Psychology, Other. Doctoral Degree $225,019 $59,706 3.77
Music. Master’s Degree $63,826 $17,438 3.66
Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology. Doctoral Degree $216,971 $66,105 3.28
Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General. Master’s Degree $51,041 $17,570 2.91
Medicine. First Professional Degree $164,927 $59,880 2.75
Optometry. First Professional Degree $204,707 $77,181 2.65
Law. First Professional Degree $173,799 $74,066 2.35
Fine and Studio Arts. Master’s Degree $95,494 $41,184 2.32
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration. First Professional Degree $225,644 $107,650 2.10
Arts, Entertainment,and Media Management. Bachelors Degree $43,000 $20,938 2.05
Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions. First Professional Degree $157,023 $78,041 2.01
Special Education and Teaching. Graduate/Professional Certificate $108,142 $54,246 1.99
Education, Other. Master’s Degree $68,994 $37,401 1.84
Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians. Master’s Degree $102,200 $58,832 1.74
Computer Software and Media Applications. Master’s Degree $80,819 $46,756 1.73
Public Policy Analysis. Master’s Degree $88,245 $54,177 1.63
Social Work. Master’s Degree $86,780 $53,996 1.61
Legal Professions and Studies, Other. Graduate/Professional Certificate $114,543 $75,745 1.51
Gerontology. Master’s Degree $73,679 $51,568 1.43
Mental and Social Health Services and Allied Professions. Master’s Degree $68,317 $48,608 1.41
Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions. Master’s Degree $99,661 $71,878 1.39
Human Services, General. Bachelors Degree $43,873 $32,618 1.35
Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions. Master’s Degree $169,109 $125,795 1.34
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas. Master’s Degree $70,052 $52,250 1.34
Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology. Master’s Degree $67,516 $50,606 1.33
Intercultural/Multicultural and Diversity Studies. Bachelors Degree $24,416 $18,325 1.33
Behavioral Sciences. Bachelors Degree $40,639 $31,476 1.29
Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems. Bachelors Degree $32,875 $25,487 1.29
Computer Software and Media Applications. Bachelors Degree $42,574 $33,172 1.28
Communication and Media Studies. Master’s Degree $77,014 $60,222 1.28
Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language. Master’s Degree $63,446 $49,924 1.27
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Graduate/Professional Certificate $91,971 $74,184 1.24
Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems. First Professional Degree $32,690 $26,641 1.23
International Relations and National Security Studies. Master’s Degree $71,049 $58,490 1.21
Film/Video and Photographic Arts. Associate’s Degree $20,000 $16,487 1.21
Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions. Bachelors Degree $26,240 $21,679 1.21
Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations. Master’s Degree $74,851 $62,164 1.20
Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services. Master’s Degree $67,756 $56,299 1.20
Education, General. Doctoral Degree $78,186 $66,957 1.17
Psychology, General. Master’s Degree $44,218 $38,284 1.15
Theological and Ministerial Studies. Master’s Degree $50,708 $43,966 1.15
Business/Commerce, General. Master’s Degree $114,098 $99,142 1.15
Public Health. Master’s Degree $62,976 $55,007 1.14
Audiovisual Communications Technologies/Technicians. Associate’s Degree $21,638 $18,949 1.14
Educational Administration and Supervision. Doctoral Degree $114,675 $100,453 1.14
Psychology, General. Doctoral Degree $79,161 $69,758 1.13
Music. Bachelors Degree $20,772 $18,503 1.12
Accounting and Related Services. Graduate/Professional Certificate $54,085 $48,446 1.12
Music. Associate’s Degree $22,285 $20,102 1.11
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Doctoral Degree $89,221 $81,024 1.10
Psychology, Other. Master’s Degree $42,017 $38,225 1.10
Library Science, Other. Master’s Degree $50,746 $46,375 1.09
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Bachelors Degree $39,705 $36,825 1.08
Biology, General. Master’s Degree $30,725 $28,509 1.08
Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians. Bachelors Degree $45,000 $41,901 1.07
Human Development, Family Studies, and Related Services. Master’s Degree $48,967 $48,148 1.02
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods. Bachelors Degree $31,326 $31,517 0.99
Film/Video and Photographic Arts. Bachelors Degree $26,096 $26,275 0.99
Graphic Communications. Bachelors Degree $32,285 $32,582 0.99
City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning. Master’s Degree $62,064 $62,662 0.99
Marketing. Master’s Degree $41,000 $42,151 0.97
Computer Systems Analysis. Bachelors Degree $43,659 $45,607 0.96
Human Resources Management and Services. Bachelors Degree $41,604 $44,427 0.94
Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft. Bachelors Degree $21,305 $23,184 0.92
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Associate’s Degree $29,156 $32,135 0.91
Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology. Master’s Degree $41,000 $45,849 0.89
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Graduate/Professional Certificate $62,353 $70,033 0.89
Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications. Bachelors Degree $43,630 $49,057 0.89
Education, General. Bachelors Degree $24,985 $28,093 0.89
Human Resources Management and Services. Master’s Degree $44,085 $51,381 0.86
Social Sciences, Other. Master’s Degree $37,229 $44,271 0.84
Special Education and Teaching. Master’s Degree $46,369 $55,159 0.84
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas. Bachelors Degree $21,814 $26,033 0.84
Biological and Physical Sciences. Master’s Degree $60,286 $74,219 0.81
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Master’s Degree $41,403 $51,466 0.80
Student Counseling and Personnel Services. Master’s Degree $44,152 $55,513 0.80
Computer and Information Sciences, General. Master’s Degree $38,634 $48,868 0.79
Criminal Justice and Corrections. Bachelors Degree $28,093 $36,027 0.78
Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management. Bachelors Degree $18,437 $23,695 0.78
Criminal Justice and Corrections. Master’s Degree $34,924 $45,029 0.78
Finance and Financial Management Services. Master’s Degree $41,000 $52,965 0.77
Electrical Engineering Technologies/Technicians. Bachelors Degree $46,402 $60,030 0.77
Visual and Performing Arts, General. Bachelors Degree $27,000 $35,404 0.76
Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Other. Bachelors Degree $31,000 $41,064 0.75
Education, General. Master’s Degree $38,520 $51,479 0.75
English Language and Literature, General. Bachelors Degree $19,169 $26,403 0.73
Accounting and Related Services. Bachelors Degree $34,822 $48,174 0.72
Accounting and Related Services. Master’s Degree $38,522 $53,498 0.72
Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications. Associate’s Degree $28,698 $39,992 0.72
Design and Applied Arts. Bachelors Degree $25,429 $35,473 0.72
Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management. Bachelors Degree $35,433 $49,592 0.71
Criminology. Master’s Degree $40,062 $56,830 0.70
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Master’s Degree $45,075 $64,036 0.70
Ecology, Evolution, Systematics, and Population Biology. Bachelors Degree $17,730 $25,510 0.70
Computer and Information Sciences, General. Bachelors Degree $33,021 $47,547 0.69
Fine and Studio Arts. Bachelors Degree $16,666 $24,161 0.69
Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology. Graduate/Professional Certificate $35,981 $53,453 0.67
Management Information Systems and Services. Master’s Degree $43,089 $64,150 0.67
Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services. Associate’s Degree $22,446 $33,545 0.67
Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications. Master’s Degree $41,749 $63,139 0.66
Social Sciences, General. Bachelors Degree $17,279 $26,350 0.66
Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods. Master’s Degree $32,629 $49,878 0.65
Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences. Bachelors Degree $13,983 $21,563 0.65
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods. Master’s Degree $58,544 $91,346 0.64
Business/Commerce, General. Bachelors Degree $30,162 $47,360 0.64
Health and Physical Education/Fitness. Master’s Degree $32,556 $51,829 0.63
Public Administration. Master’s Degree $38,690 $61,742 0.63
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing. Master’s Degree $66,695 $107,227 0.62
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Bachelors Degree $27,695 $44,725 0.62
Linguistic, Comparative, and Related Language Studies and Services. Bachelors Degree $16,338 $26,407 0.62
Neurobiology and Neurosciences. Bachelors Degree $16,223 $26,445 0.61
Natural Resources Conservation and Research. Bachelors Degree $21,259 $34,768 0.61
Health and Physical Education/Fitness. Bachelors Degree $16,318 $26,766 0.61
Psychology, General. Bachelors Degree $16,843 $27,724 0.61
Marketing. Bachelors Degree $24,947 $41,449 0.60
Biology, General. Bachelors Degree $16,941 $28,369 0.60
Communication Disorders Sciences and Services. Master’s Degree $40,888 $68,499 0.60
Marine Sciences. Bachelors Degree $16,500 $27,985 0.59
Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities. Bachelors Degree $16,306 $27,768 0.59
Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology. Bachelors Degree $17,059 $29,158 0.59
Design and Applied Arts. Associate’s Degree $14,000 $24,021 0.58
History. Bachelors Degree $15,467 $26,818 0.58
Anthropology. Bachelors Degree $16,146 $28,033 0.58
Communication Disorders Sciences and Services. Bachelors Degree $15,006 $26,129 0.57
Human Development, Family Studies, and Related Services. Bachelors Degree $17,545 $30,933 0.57
Radio, Television, and Digital Communication. Bachelors Degree $15,094 $26,750 0.56
Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research. Master’s Degree $30,726 $54,466 0.56
Electrical Engineering Technologies/Technicians. Associate’s Degree $25,497 $45,380 0.56
Apparel and Textiles. Associate’s Degree $16,000 $28,589 0.56
Philosophy. Bachelors Degree $14,059 $25,364 0.55
Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft. Associate’s Degree $9,500 $17,245 0.55
Human Biology. Bachelors Degree $14,750 $27,145 0.54
Criminology. Bachelors Degree $15,722 $29,186 0.54
Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication. Bachelors Degree $22,580 $41,924 0.54
Mathematics. Bachelors Degree $17,440 $32,464 0.54
Ethnic, Cultural Minority, Gender, and Group Studies. Bachelors Degree $15,945 $29,750 0.54
Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions. Associate’s Degree $24,788 $47,238 0.52
Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration. Bachelors Degree $13,441 $25,712 0.52
Journalism. Bachelors Degree $16,414 $31,576 0.52
Animal Sciences. Bachelors Degree $15,565 $30,134 0.52
Social Work. Bachelors Degree $17,150 $33,525 0.51
Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management. Master’s Degree $37,950 $74,997 0.51
Taxation. Master’s Degree $41,000 $81,259 0.50
Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology. Bachelors Degree $16,230 $32,176 0.50
Computer and Information Sciences, General. Associate’s Degree $19,498 $38,918 0.50
Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General. Bachelors Degree $14,807 $29,624 0.50
Research and Experimental Psychology. Bachelors Degree $13,970 $27,989 0.50
Political Science and Government. Bachelors Degree $16,061 $32,291 0.50
Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies. Bachelors Degree $17,025 $34,279 0.50
Dental Support Services and Allied Professions. Associate’s Degree $31,000 $62,607 0.50
Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Technologies. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $17,264 $35,223 0.49
Business/Corporate Communications. Bachelors Degree $21,000 $43,283 0.49
Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other. Bachelors Degree $14,688 $30,300 0.48
Film/Video and Photographic Arts. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $19,748 0.48
Finance and Financial Management Services. Bachelors Degree $23,587 $49,287 0.48
Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Technologies. Associate’s Degree $18,312 $38,296 0.48
Cosmetology and Related Personal Grooming Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,347 $17,525 0.48
Area Studies. Bachelors Degree $15,331 $32,456 0.47
Public Administration. Bachelors Degree $15,748 $33,449 0.47
Communication and Media Studies. Bachelors Degree $16,670 $35,643 0.47
Nutrition Sciences. Bachelors Degree $13,891 $29,771 0.47
Natural Resources Management and Policy. Bachelors Degree $15,560 $33,388 0.47
Agricultural Production Operations. Bachelors Degree $19,666 $42,290 0.47
Education, Other. Bachelors Degree $15,500 $33,558 0.46
Sociology. Bachelors Degree $14,128 $30,702 0.46
Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences. Bachelors Degree $15,236 $33,259 0.46
Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $5,500 $12,173 0.45
Architecture. Bachelors Degree $25,127 $55,669 0.45
Educational Administration and Supervision. Master’s Degree $30,206 $67,874 0.45
Somatic Bodywork and Related Therapeutic Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,737 $21,911 0.44
English Language and Literature, General. Master’s Degree $28,854 $65,319 0.44
Microbiological Sciences and Immunology. Bachelors Degree $12,282 $28,339 0.43
Non-Professional General Legal Studies (Undergraduate). Bachelors Degree $16,470 $38,030 0.43
Public Health. Bachelors Degree $14,139 $33,138 0.43
Physics. Bachelors Degree $16,767 $39,369 0.43
Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General. Bachelors Degree $15,518 $36,806 0.42
International/Global Studies. Bachelors Degree $15,171 $36,555 0.42
Movement and Mind-Body Therapies and Education. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $22,920 0.41
Legal Support Services. Graduate/Professional Certificate $17,018 $41,256 0.41
Dental Support Services and Allied Professions. Bachelors Degree $30,066 $73,069 0.41
Biomathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology. Bachelors Degree $19,600 $47,774 0.41
Specialized Sales, Merchandising and Marketing Operations. Associate’s Degree $12,064 $29,623 0.41
Electrical/Electronics Maintenance and Repair Technology. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $23,815 0.40
Practical Nursing, Vocational Nursing and Nursing Assistants. Associate’s Degree $19,393 $48,712 0.40
Genetics. Bachelors Degree $12,333 $31,181 0.40
Practical Nursing, Vocational Nursing and Nursing Assistants. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $17,293 $44,099 0.39
Dental Support Services and Allied Professions. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,181 $23,472 0.39
Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics. Bachelors Degree $13,186 $33,716 0.39
Chemistry. Bachelors Degree $15,007 $38,390 0.39
International Business. Bachelors Degree $16,441 $42,755 0.38
Marine Transportation. Bachelors Degree $28,000 $72,869 0.38
Health and Medical Administrative Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,269 $24,624 0.38
Apparel and Textiles. Bachelors Degree $13,000 $34,761 0.37
Hospitality Administration/Management. Bachelors Degree $14,216 $38,042 0.37
Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods. Bachelors Degree $16,333 $43,824 0.37
Curriculum and Instruction. Master’s Degree $27,061 $72,941 0.37
Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,071 $24,545 0.37
International Relations and National Security Studies. Bachelors Degree $13,623 $37,361 0.36
Engineering, Other. Bachelors Degree $20,200 $55,946 0.36
Geography and Cartography. Bachelors Degree $13,000 $36,401 0.36
Cognitive Science. Bachelors Degree $16,452 $46,920 0.35
Plant Sciences. Bachelors Degree $17,500 $50,477 0.35
Food Science and Technology. Bachelors Degree $12,712 $36,898 0.34
Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering. Bachelors Degree $21,160 $61,876 0.34
Chemical Engineering. Bachelors Degree $17,777 $52,697 0.34
Biomedical/Medical Engineering. Bachelors Degree $17,559 $52,552 0.33
Business/Managerial Economics. Bachelors Degree $15,000 $44,926 0.33
Computer Science. Master’s Degree $38,434 $115,257 0.33
Agricultural Business and Management. Bachelors Degree $15,705 $47,352 0.33
Industrial Engineering. Bachelors Degree $23,952 $72,418 0.33
Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $20,000 $62,963 0.32
Economics. Bachelors Degree $14,813 $46,721 0.32
Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician (HAC, HACR, HVAC, HVACR). Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $10,234 $33,123 0.31
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing. Bachelors Degree $24,337 $79,798 0.30
Architectural Engineering. Bachelors Degree $20,357 $66,967 0.30
Statistics. Bachelors Degree $14,350 $47,322 0.30
Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/Technicians. Bachelors Degree $27,735 $95,585 0.29
Construction Management. Bachelors Degree $23,000 $79,588 0.29
Mathematics and Computer Science. Bachelors Degree $18,000 $64,439 0.28
Social Sciences, Other. Bachelors Degree $14,384 $52,176 0.28
Mechanical Engineering. Bachelors Degree $17,241 $63,369 0.27
Civil Engineering. Bachelors Degree $17,677 $65,099 0.27
Electrical and Power Transmission Installers. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,670 $35,772 0.27
Computer Engineering. Bachelors Degree $18,429 $69,310 0.27
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing. Associate’s Degree $21,174 $82,552 0.26
Educational/Instructional Media Design. Master’s Degree $20,500 $80,397 0.25
Applied Mathematics. Bachelors Degree $14,276 $56,246 0.25
Fine and Studio Arts. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,233 $32,877 0.25
Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering. Bachelors Degree $18,452 $77,140 0.24
Precision Metal Working. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,217 $34,534 0.24
Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $8,041 $35,388 0.23
Culinary Arts and Related Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $6,765 $30,454 0.22
Computer Science. Bachelors Degree $16,056 $73,240 0.22
Engineering, General. Bachelors Degree $14,254 $73,150 0.19
Heavy/Industrial Equipment Maintenance Technologies. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $9,500 $48,756 0.19
Human Resources Management and Services. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $7,125 $41,618 0.17
Business Administration, Management and Operations. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $7,125 $49,530 0.14
Clinical/Medical Laboratory Science/Research and Allied Professions. Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma $3,166 $27,715 0.11

Data source and notes


(Summary text here)

California programs by average earnings and Black/African-American enrollment

California programs by average earnings and Hispanic/Latino enrollment

Data source and notes


(Summary text here)

California programs by average debt and Black/African-American enrollment

California programs by average debt and Hispanic/Latino enrollment

Data source and notes


Remaining Gaps

(More to come)